Use of a process for hydrogen production
The present invention relates to the use of a process for hydrogen production in which at least a part of a hydrocarbonaceous feed gas (a) is passed into a reformer (c), wherein the feed gas is contacted in the reformer with a catalyst and the feed gas is converted to hydrogen and solid carbon, for the direct production of a hydrogenous gas at filling stations for sale to a consumer, and also to a reactor (d) for hydrogen production.
1. A device for production of a hydrogen-containing gas and a solid carbon, comprising a reactor configured axially, in the form of a horizontally and electrically heated tube, and defining a cavity, the reactor including:
an inlet for a hydrocarbon-containing feed gas;
an inlet connected to a source of a catalyst, wherein said catalyst is suitable for cracking hydrocarbons to form hydrogen and solid carbon;
a reactor zone containing catalyst in the cavity during use;
an outlet for a reactor gas; and
an outlet for the catalyst;
wherein:
the reactor is configured for continuous operation and the inlets and outlets are arranged to enable the catalyst to be conducted in counter-current flow to the hydrocarbon-containing feed gas within the reactor zone;
the axially configured reactor comprises a cooling zone at one end with a temperature and a heating zone at the opposite end externally heated and with a temperature higher than the temperature of the cooling zone, thus creating a temperature gradient with gradually decreasing temperature gradient from the externally heated heating zone to the cooling zone in the axially configured reactor during use, the hydrocarbon-containing feed gas inlet positioned such that the hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is provided to the cooling zone during operation;
the device comprises external heating means;
the external heating means provides heating to the hydrocarbon-containing feed gas and the catalyst in the heating zone, the external heating means selected from a group including heating rods, heating coils or a gas burner, wherein the external heating means is free of the catalyst; and
the external heating means extends along a length that is less than 50% of a length of the reactor.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor includes a preheating zone located upstream of the heating zone, adapted to maintain temperatures ranging between 100-900° C.
3. A device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the reactor gas outlet is in the preheating zone or in the externally heated heating zone.
4. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cooling zone is configured for operating temperatures ranging between 100-600° C.
5. A device as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the externally heated heating zone is configured for operating temperatures ranging between 300-1400° C. or 500-1000° C.
6. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the outlet for the catalyst and produced carbon are in the cooling zone.
7. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inlet for the catalyst is in the externally heated heating zone or a preheating zone.
8. A device as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a pressure controller for providing a reactor pressure in a range from 1-500 mbar.
9. A device as claimed in claim 1 , adapted to convey catalyst through the reactor in or on a mechanical device during use.
10. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catalyst assumes a composite structure.
11. A device as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the catalyst comprises oxides and/or hydroxides of earth alkalis, silicon, aluminium, boron, titanium, and/or mixtures thereof.
12. A device as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the catalyst comprises caustically burnt magnesia and/or freshly precipitated magnesium hydroxide with a specific area of >1 m 2 /g.
13. A device as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the catalyst is a nanostructured catalyst.
14. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises an f- or d-transition or a rare earth metal, selected from a group including iron, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, molybdenum/cobalt, or mixtures thereof.
15. A device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a pressure swing adsorption plant downstream of the reactor gas outlet.
16. A device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a filter downstream of the reactor gas outlet, wherein the filter precedes a pressure swing adsorption plant.
17. A device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a reactor gas compressor downstream of the reactor gas outlet.
18. A device as claimed in claim 1 , configured such that the hydrocarbon-containing feed gas has an average residence time in the reactor of between 5 and 100 seconds during operation.
19. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor:
includes a mechanical carrier for conveying and continuously transporting the catalyst within said reactor;
said reactor is configured such that the nano-carbon product produced is adapted to react with carbon dioxide for oxidizing or surface modifying said nanocarbon product; and
said device is provided with a steam reformer for receiving steam for increasing production of hydrogen before harvesting the reactor gas.
20. A method for producing a hydrogen-containing gas in a reactor comprising:
obtaining a device as claimed in claim 1 ;
heating the catalyst in the externally heated heating zone; and
operating the reactor to bring about a counter-current flow of hydrocarbon-containing feed gas relative to catalyst flowing in a direction towards the outlet for the reactor gas.
21. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the externally heated heating zone is configured for operating temperatures ranging between 300-1400° C. or 500-1000° C.