Transformer protection circuit and method
Systems and methods for protecting an electrical component in an alternating current system that includes a transformer are disclosed. In one aspect, a circuit includes a switch assembly connected between a transformer neutral of a transformer and a ground and having an open position and a closed position. In normal operation, the switch remains in a closed position. The circuit further includes a DC blocking component positioned in parallel with the switch assembly and connected between the transformer neutral and the ground, a voltage probe connected between the transformer neutral and ground and configured to monitor an instantaneous voltage level at the transformer neutral, and a control circuit configured to control the switch assembly, the control circuit including a sensor configured to actuate the switch assembly to an open position at least upon detection of a harmonic signal in at least one phase of the transformer or a predetermined threshold of DC or quasi DC current between the transformer neutral and the ground.
1. An electrical protection circuit for use in an alternating current system including a transformer, the system comprising:
(a) a switch assembly connected between a transformer neutral of a transformer and a ground, the switch assembly having an open position and a closed position, the open position disrupting the path through the switch between the electrical connection and the ground connection, and the closed position establishing a path connecting the electrical connection to the ground connection through the switch assembly, wherein in normal operation the switch remains in a closed position;
(b) a DC blocking component positioned in parallel with the switch assembly and connected between the transformer neutral and the ground;
(c) a voltage probe connected between the transformer neutral and ground and configured to monitor an instantaneous voltage level at the transformer neutral; and
(d) a control circuit configured to control the switch assembly, the control circuit including a sensor configured to actuate the switch assembly to an open position at least upon detection of a harmonic signal in at least one phase of the transformer or a predetermined threshold of DC or quasi DC current between the transformer neutral and the ground.
2. The electrical protection circuit of claim 1 , wherein the switch assembly includes an AC switch and a DC switch.
3. The electrical protection circuit of claim 2 , wherein the AC switch comprises a circuit breaker.
4. The electrical protection circuit of claim 2 , wherein the DC switch comprises a circuit breaker.
5. The electrical protection circuit of claim 1 , wherein based on detection of a voltage at the transformer neutral over a threshold level by the voltage probe while the switch assembly is in the open position, the control circuit maintains the switch assembly in the open position for a predetermined amount of time.
6. The electrical protection circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a Rogowski coil connected between the ground and the DC blocking component in parallel with the switch assembly.
7. The electrical protection circuit of claim 6 , wherein the Rogowski coil is further connected between the ground and the voltage probe.
8. The electrical protection circuit of claim 6 , wherein the Rogowski coil monitors transformer neutral conductivity of the transformer neutral.
9. The electrical protection circuit of claim 1 , wherein the DC blocking component is a capacitor connected in parallel with the switch assembly, between the transformer neutral and the ground.
10. A method of protecting electrical equipment in an alternating current circuit from damage, the method comprising:
maintaining a switch assembly in a closed position during normal operation of the alternating current circuit, the switch assembly electrically connected between a neutral of the electrical equipment and a ground;
upon detecting either a harmonic signal above a predetermined threshold or a DC or quasi DC current above a predetermined threshold, opening the switch assembly, thereby blocking the DC or quasi DC current to the ground through a DC blocking component electrically connected in parallel with the switch assembly between the neutral of the electrical equipment and the ground;
determining whether a voltage above a predetermined threshold remains at the neutral while the switch assembly is in an opened state; and
based on the voltage remaining above the predetermined threshold, maintaining the switch assembly in the open state.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein determining whether the voltage above the predetermined threshold remains is based on a voltage detected at a voltage probe electrically connected between the neutral and the ground.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the predetermined threshold is about 8 volts.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein determining whether a voltage above a predetermined threshold occurs within a predetermined time after the switch assembly is opened.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the predetermined time is less than a reset time maintained by a controller.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising determining whether current passes from the neutral to the ground via a Rogowski coil electrically connected between a neutral blocking component and the ground, wherein the neutral blocking component is electrically connected to the neutral and in parallel with the switch assembly.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the Rogowski coil is further electrically connected between the switch assembly and the ground.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the switch assembly includes an AC switch and a DC switch connected in series.