Machine and process for providing a pressurized liquid stream with dissolved gas
A machine and process for providing a gas liquid mixture are described. The process can include providing a pressurized fluid stream that includes a mixture of a gas and a liquid; and subjecting the fluid stream to a series of alternating flow regions that include a plurality of laminar flow regions and turbulent flow regions. The machine can include a pressure vessel that includes, above a mid-line, a gas nozzle adapted for the addition of a gas to an interior volume of the pressure vessel and a liquid atomizer adapted for the addition of a liquid to the interior volume of the pressure vessel; below the mid-line, a fluid outlet positioned above a bottom of the pressure vessel and a clean-out port positioned at or adjacent to the bottom of the pressure vessel; and a means for determining a fluid level within the interior volume of the pressure vessel; and a flow path fluidly connected to the fluid outlet, the flow path including a plurality of alternating flow characteristic regions. Further described is the production and storage of the gas liquid mixture.
1. A liquid-gas saturation machine comprising:
a pressure vessel that includes,
above a mid-line, a gas nozzle adapted for the addition of a gas to an interior volume of the pressure vessel and a liquid atomizer adapted for the addition of a liquid to the interior volume of the pressure vessel;
below the mid-line, a fluid outlet positioned above a bottom of the pressure vessel and a clean-out port positioned at or adjacent to the bottom of the pressure vessel; and
a means for determining a fluid level within the interior volume of the pressure vessel; and
a flow path fluidly connected to the fluid outlet, the flow path including a plurality of alternating flow characteristic regions;
wherein the alternating flow characteristic regions are laminar flow regions and turbulent or transitional flow regions;
wherein the alternating flow characteristic regions are distinguished by a Reynolds number value of at least about 500; and
wherein the flow path is provided by a tube that has an internal diameter of about 2 mm to about 25 mm.
2. The machine of claim 1 , wherein the flow path is provided by a tube that includes an inlet section fluidly connected to the fluid outlet, an alternating series of bent and straight sections fluidly connected to the inlet section, and an outlet section fluidly connected to the alternating series of bent and straight sections;
wherein the bent section is adapted to provide turbulent or transitional flow, and the straight section is adapted to provide laminar flow; and
wherein the bent section provides a bent section flow Reynolds number, the straight section provides a straight section flow Reynolds number, and where the bent section flow Reynolds number is at least 500 greater than the straight section flow Reynolds number.
3. The machine of claim 2 , wherein the inlet section and the outlet section are parallel.
4. The machine of claim 2 , wherein the bent sections affect a change in direction of a flow though adjoining laminar sections of about 60 to about 270 degrees.
5. The machine of claim 1 , wherein the flow path includes at least 5 alternating flow characteristic regions.
6. The machine of claim 1 , wherein the flow path is provided by a tube that has an approximately constant internal diameter.
7. The machine of claim 1 further comprising an admixture of a plurality of droplets of the liquid having an average diameter of less than 0.1 mm and the gas at a pressure greater than about 50 psi within the pressure vessel above the mid-line; and
below the mid-line, a saturated mixture of the gas and the liquid.
8. The machine of claim 7 , wherein the liquid is water; and wherein the gas includes at least 50% oxygen.
9. The machine of claim 7 , wherein the saturated mixture of the gas and the liquid is substantially free of bubbles.
10. The machine of claim 1 further comprising a means for maintaining a temperature of the flow path.
11. A process comprising:
providing a pressurized fluid stream that includes a mixture of a gas and a liquid; and then
subjecting the fluid stream to at least 5 of alternating flow regions that include a plurality of laminar flow regions and turbulent flow regions;
wherein the laminar flow regions and turbulent flow regions are distinguished by their respective calculated Reynolds numbers which differ by at least 500; and
the flow regions are laminar flow regions and turbulent or transitional flow regions;
wherein the alternating flow regions are distinguished by a Reynolds number value of at least about 500; and
wherein the flow regions are provided by a tube that has an internal diameter of about 2 mm to about 25 mm.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the pressurized fluid stream is a saturated mixture of the gas and the liquid.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the pressurized fluid stream is substantially free of bubbles.
14. The process of claim 11 , wherein the liquid is water; and wherein the gas is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propene, butane, n-butene, iso-butene, and a mixture thereof.
15. The process of claim 11 further comprising subjecting the fluid stream to at least 5 of alternating flow regions and then providing the fluid stream to a reservoir that consists essentially of the liquid.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the fluid stream has a temperature and wherein the reservoir has a temperature; further comprising equilibrating the temperature of the fluid stream and the temperature of the reservoir such that a temperature differential between the fluid stream and the reservoir at a location where the fluid stream is provided to the reservoir is less than about 5° C.
17. The process of claim 11 , wherein the gas is oxygen.