Artemisinin and its derivatives for use in the treatment of trauma haemorrhage and associated conditions
The present invention relates to the treatment of trauma haemorrhage or trauma haemorrhage-induced organ injury and associated disorders (in particular stoke, burns and brain injury) using the anti-malarial compound artemisinin and its derivatives. The present invention also relates to the treatment of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease (and associated disorders) using the anti-malarial compound artemisinin and its derivatives. The present invention also relates to the use of artemisinin and its derivatives in coronary artery bypass surgery, heart transplantation, and diseases associated with ischaemia-reperfusion.
1. A method of treating trauma haemorrhage comprising administering a compound of Formula I
wherein:
R 1 and R 2 are independently H or an optionally substituted group selected from an alkyl, a heteroalkyl, an aryl, a heteroaryl, an arylalkyl, and a heteroarylalkyl, and R 3 and R 4 taken together form a carbonyl (═O); or
wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently H or an optionally substituted group selected from an alkyl, a heteroalkyl, an aryl, a heteroaryl, an arylalkyl, and a heteroarylalkyl, R 3 is H and R 4 is H or —OR 5 , wherein R 5 is H or an optionally substituted group selected from an alkyl, a heteroalkyl, an aryl, a heteroaryl, an arylalkyl, and a heteroarylalkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, to a patient in need thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered by the oral, parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, intrathecal or intraperitoneal route, or is administered by inhalation.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
R 1 and R 2 are, independently, H or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl, and R 3 and R 4 taken together form a carbonyl (═O) group; or
R 1 and R 2 are, independently, H or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl, R 3 is H, and R 4 is H or —OR 5 , wherein R 5 is H or an optionally substituted group selected from an alkyl, a heteroalkyl, an aryl, a heteroaryl, an arylalkyl, and a heteroarylalkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
R 1 and R 2 are, independently, H or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and R 3 and R 4 taken together form a carbonyl (═O) group; or
R 1 and R 2 are, independently, H or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 3 alkyl, R 3 is H and R 4 is H or —OR 5 , wherein R 5 is H or an optionally substituted group selected from an alkyl, a heteroalkyl, an aryl, a heteroaryl, an arylalkyl, and a heteroarylalkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
R 1 and R 2 are, independently, H or an optionally substituted methyl, and R 3 and R 4 taken together form a carbonyl (═O) group; or
R 1 and R 2 are, independently, H or an optionally substituted methyl, R 3 is H, and R 4 is —OR 5 , wherein R 5 is H or an optionally substituted group selected from an alkyl, a heteroalkyl, an aryl, a heteroaryl, an arylalkyl, and a heteroarylalkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
R 1 and R 2 are methyl, and R 3 and R 4 taken together form a carbonyl (═O) group; or
R 1 and R 2 are methyl, R 3 is H and R 4 is —OR 5 , wherein R 5 is H or an optionally substituted group selected from an alkyl, a heteroalkyl, an aryl, a heteroaryl, an arylalkyl, and a heteroarylalkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 5 is H, an alkyl, or an arylalkyl, wherein the alkyl and arylalkyl are, independently, optionally substituted with one more or more of halo, ═O, COOR 6 , OR 6 and OCOR 6 , wherein R 6 is H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 5 is selected from the group consisting of H, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CO(CH 2 ) 2 COOH, and —CH 2 C 6 H 6 COOH.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of artesunate, artemisinin, artemether, dihydroartemisinin, artelinic acid, and artemotil.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound administered to the patient is in a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound administered to the patient is in a resuscitation solution comprising one or more volume expanders.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound administered to the patient is in a unit of blood.