Diagnostic method for Alzheimer's disease
A method of detecting the presence, or monitoring the severity of a condition characterized by the presence of fragments of a marker protein in the brain of a patient. The method comprises: (i) providing a sample comprising macrophages obtained from the patient; and (ii) detecting the presence of the marker protein or fragments thereof in the macrophages. The presence of abnormal levels of the marker protein and/or fragments thereof in the macrophages is indicative of the presence of the condition in the patient. The condition and the marker proteins can be: Alzheimer's Disease and the Abeta peptide, Parkinson's Disease and ubiquitin, Multiple Sclerosis and myelin basic protein, FrontoTemporal Dementia and tau, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and tau, Parkinson's disease, Lewy Body dementia or Alzheimer's Disease and alpha-synuclein.
1. A method of detecting differential levels of fragments of phagocytosed Aβ peptide in a sample obtained from a patient comprising the steps of:
(i) subjecting a sample selected from a cerebro-spinal fluid sample and a blood sample obtained from the patient to cell sorting to isolate activated macrophages that display CD14 and CD16 cell surface markers;
(ii) lysing said activated macrophages and immunoprecipitating any Aβ peptide fragments obtained from said lysed activated macrophages, wherein said Aβ peptide fragments result from intracellular degradation of phagocytosed Aβ peptide proteins; and
(iii) detecting the level of said Aβ peptide fragments immunoprecipitated from said activated macrophages.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said activated macrophages obtained from the patient are sorted by a technique selected from fluorescence activated cell sorting and magnetic extraction.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (iii), the level of said Aβ peptide fragments is detected by a technique selected from the group consisting of HPLC-fluorescence, HPLC-UV, luminescence and streptavidin/biotin systems.
4. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of detecting the level of at least one additional protein marker of Alzheimer's Disease selected from the group consisting of Aβ42, Tau, Phospho-Tau, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, or combinations thereof, wherein the presence of said additional protein marker and/or the presence of abnormal levels of the protein marker fragments in the macrophages is indicative of the presence of Alzheimer's Disease in the patient.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein step (iii) is conducted with an antibody or fragment thereof that specifically binds Aβ peptide and an antibody or fragment thereof that specifically binds a macrophage.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the cerebro-spinal fluid sample is obtained from the patient by lumbar puncture.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (iii) is conducted with an antibody that specifically binds to a fragment of the Aβ peptide.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (iii) is conducted with an antibody that specifically binds to Aβ peptide.
9. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising identifying the patient as having Alzheimer's Disease when the detected level of said Aβ peptide fragments is reduced as compared to the standard level.