Quadrature LC tank digitally controlled ring oscillator
A quadrature LC tank based digitally controlled ring oscillator (DCO). The oscillator structure incorporates a plurality of stages, each stage including a buffer and a series LC tank. Four stages are coupled together to create a 360 degree phase shift around a loop. The oscillation frequency of the oscillator is the same as the resonant frequency of each LC tank, therefore it avoids quality factor degradation of LC tanks found in the prior art. In one example embodiment, class-D amplifiers are used to drive each of the LC tanks. Capacitor banks before at the input and output of the buffers provide coarse and fine tuning of the frequency of oscillation. The high efficiency exhibited by these amplifiers results in very good phase noise performance of this oscillator. The oscillator utilizes a startup circuit to launch oscillation upon power on.
1. A ring oscillator, comprising:
a plurality of LC-tank based phase shifters configured in a loop;
a plurality of amplifiers, each amplifier coupled to and associated with one of said phase shifters;
wherein a gain of said plurality of amplifiers combined with voltage amplification of said phase shifters is sufficient to maintain oscillation in said loop; and
a startup circuit connected to a node in said loop and active for a finite period of time, said startup circuit operative to generate an initial oscillation in said loop.
2. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein each phase shifter comprises a series inductor and capacitor.
3. The ring oscillator according to claim 2 , wherein said inductor is coupled to an output of said amplifier while one terminal of said capacitor is coupled to ground.
4. The ring oscillator according to claim 3 , wherein an output of each phase shifter comprises a node between said inductor and said capacitor.
5. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of said amplifiers comprises an inverter.
6. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of said amplifiers comprises a nonlinear amplifier.
7. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein said startup circuit is operative to generate a single square pulse.
8. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein said startup circuit is turned off and disconnected after oscillation in said loop is established.
9. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein said startup circuit comprises back to back inverter pairs coupled to one or more nodes in said loop.
10. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of first tuning capacitors, each first tuning capacitor coupled to and associated with an input of one of said amplifiers and operative to provide relatively coarse frequency tuning control of said ring oscillator.
11. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of second tuning capacitors, each second tuning capacitor coupled to and associated with an output of one of said amplifiers and operative to provide relatively fine frequency tuning control of said ring oscillator.
12. A quadrature ring oscillator, comprising:
a plurality of four phase shifters, each of substantially 90 degrees, configured in a loop;
a plurality of four active circuits, each active circuit coupled in series with one of said phase shifters;
a plurality of tuning capacitors, each tuning capacitor coupled to and associated with one of said active circuits;
a startup circuit connected to one or more nodes in said loop and active for a finite period of time, said startup circuit operative to generate an initial oscillation in said loop;
wherein a gain of said plurality of active circuits combined with voltage amplification of said phase shifters is sufficient to maintain oscillation in said loop; and
wherein each active circuit is arranged in a single ended configuration.
13. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein the gain of said active circuits combined with voltage amplification of said phase shifters is sufficient to satisfy Barkhausen phase and gain criteria and cause said loop to oscillate.
14. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein each phase shifter comprises a series LC-tank.
15. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein said startup circuit comprises an auxiliary oscillator.
16. The ring oscillator according to claim 14 , wherein an inductor in said LC-tank is coupled to an output of said active circuit while one terminal of a capacitor in said LC-tank is coupled to ground.
17. The ring oscillator according to claim 16 , wherein an output of each phase shifter comprises a node between said inductor and said capacitor.
18. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein one or more of said active circuits comprises an inverter.
19. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein one or more of said active circuits comprises a nonlinear amplifier.
20. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein one or more of said active circuits comprises a buffer.
21. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein said startup circuit is operative to generate a single square pulse.
22. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein said startup circuit is disconnected after oscillation in said loop is established.
23. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein said startup circuit comprises back to back inverter pairs coupled to one or more nodes in said loop.
24. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein said tuning capacitors comprise first tuning capacitors, each first tuning capacitor coupled to an input of a respective active circuit and operative to provide relatively coarse frequency tuning control of said ring oscillator.
25. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein said tuning capacitors comprise second tuning capacitors, each second tuning capacitor coupled to an output of a respective active circuit and operative to provide relatively fine frequency tuning control of said ring oscillator.
26. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein said tuning capacitors comprise:
first tuning capacitors, each first tuning capacitor coupled to an input of a respective active circuit and operative to provide relatively coarse frequency tuning control of said ring oscillator; and
second tuning capacitors, each second tuning capacitor coupled to an output of a respective active circuit and operative to provide relatively fine frequency tuning control of said ring oscillator.
27. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein said startup circuit comprises an auxiliary oscillator.
28. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein said startup circuit is operative to inject one or more pulses into said loop.
29. The ring oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein said startup circuit is operative to inject one or more pulses into said loop.