Feed processing using salts of fatty acids
Methods for using water-soluble salts of fatty acids alone, or in chosen combinations with chelating agents, antifreeze compounds, and water for improving the processing of feed materials including whole grains or finely-divided ingredients, which may contain grain, that are mechanically processed, are described. The fatty acid salts may be added to water or to steam prior to application to feed materials, and may be applied directly to the feed materials, or added to grain conditioners known in the art to improve their performance. Treated feed materials have improved lubricity, and thin, strong durable flakes having less bulk density, and durable hard pellets, may be generated with reduced fines. Addition of an anti-freeze material permits the resulting compositions to remain fluid under freezing conditions, while oxidation or spoilage, may be reduced by adding a chelating agent. The solutions are basic and are non-corrosive.
1. A method for conditioning whole grain animal feed comprising the steps of:
contacting at least one water-soluble salt of a fatty acid capable of penetrating said animal feed, with said animal feed in the absence of hydrogenated lipids, and in the absence of anionic polymers, forming a mixture;
introducing steam into the mixture; and
mechanically processing the steam-heated mixture.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of diluting the at least one water-soluble salt of a fatty acid with water forming a solution, before said step of mixing the at least one water-soluble salt of a fatty acid with said animal feed.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of contacting the salt of a fatty acid with said animal feed comprises spraying the salt of a fatty acid onto said animal feed.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of mechanically processing the mixture comprises steam flaking, forming thereby flaked feed.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising the step of cooling the flaked feed.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one salt of a fatty acid is prepared by saponification of at least one vegetable oil or tall oil, or neutralization of a fatty acid of at least one vegetable oil or tall oil.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the at least one vegetable oil is chosen from coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, palm oil oleate, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil, and mixtures thereof.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the at least one fatty acid comprises an unsaturated fatty acid.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one unsaturated fatty acid is chosen from oleic acid and linoleic acid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one salt of a fatty acid is prepared by saponification of at least one fat or neutralization of a fatty acid of at least one fat.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said at least one fat is chosen from tallow, lard and grease.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one salt of a fatty acid further comprises at least one antifreeze composition.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the antifreeze composition is chosen from ethanol, propylene glycol, and calcium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water-soluble salt of a fatty acid further comprises at least one chelating agent.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the at least one chelating agent is chosen from disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate, sodium gluconate, citric acid, triglycollamic acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and mixtures thereof.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one salt of a fatty acid further comprises at least one anionic wetting agent.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the at least one anionic wetting agent is chosen from sodium lauryl sulfate, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, alcohol ethoxysulfates, and alkyl sulfates, and mixtures thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one salt of a fatty acid comprises a cation chosen from ammonium, potassium, and sodium ions, and mixtures thereof.