System and method for non-destructively normalizing loudness of audio signals within portable devices
Many portable playback devices cannot decode and playback encoded audio content having wide bandwidth and wide dynamic range with consistent loudness and intelligibility unless the encoded audio content has been prepared specially for these devices. This problem can be overcome by including with the encoded content some metadata that specifies a suitable dynamic range compression profile by either absolute values or differential values relative to another known compression profile. A playback device may also adaptively apply gain and limiting to the playback audio. Implementations in encoders, in transcoders and in decoders are disclosed.
1. A method for decoding an encoded input signal to generate an audio output signal, wherein the method comprises:
receiving the encoded input signal, wherein the encoded input signal includes encoded audio information and associated metadata including one or more decoding-control parameters, one or more first parameters specifying dynamic range compression suitable for use by a first mode of decoding that uses a first reference reproduction level, and one or more second parameters specifying dynamic range compression suitable for use by a second mode of decoding that uses a second reference reproduction level;
applying a decoding process to the encoded audio information to obtain subband signals, wherein the decoding process is adapted in response to the one or more decoding-control parameters;
modifying the subband signals to obtain modified subband signals with changed dynamic range characteristics, wherein the modifying is adapted in response to the one or more second parameters;
applying a synthesis filter bank to the modified subband signals to obtain a time-domain audio signal; and
applying a fixed gain and a limiter to the time-domain audio signal, wherein the application of the fixed gain raises an effective reference reproduction level of the audio output signal above the second reference reproduction level, and wherein the application of the limiter prevents amplitudes of the audio output signal from exceeding a clipping level.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude 31 dB below the clipping level, the second reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude 20 dB below the clipping level, and the effective reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude from 14 dB to 8 dB below clipping level.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the effective reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude 11 dB below clipping level.
4. An apparatus for decoding an encoded input signal to generate an audio output signal, wherein the apparatus comprises:
a receiver configured to receive the encoded input signal, wherein the encoded input signal includes encoded audio information and associated metadata including one or more decoding-control parameters, one or more first parameters specifying dynamic range compression suitable for use by a first mode of decoding that uses a first reference reproduction level, and one or more second parameters specifying dynamic range compression suitable for use by a second mode of decoding that uses a second reference reproduction level; and
a processor configured to:
apply a decoding process to the encoded audio information to obtain subband signals, wherein the decoding process is adapted in response to the one or more decoding-control parameters;
modify the subband signals to obtain modified subband signals with changed dynamic range characteristics, wherein the modifying is adapted in response to the one or more second parameters;
apply a synthesis filter bank to the modified subband signals to obtain a time-domain audio signal; and
apply a fixed gain and a limiter to the time-domain audio signal, wherein the application of the fixed gain raises an effective reference reproduction level of the audio output signal above the second reference reproduction level, and wherein the application of the limiter prevents amplitudes of the audio output signal from exceeding a clipping level.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the first reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude 31 dB below the clipping level, the second reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude 20 dB below the clipping level, and the effective reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude from 14 dB to 8 dB below clipping level.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the effective reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude 11 dB below clipping level.
7. A non-transitory medium recording a program of instructions that is executable by a device to perform a method for decoding an encoded input signal to generate an audio output signal, wherein the method comprises:
receiving the encoded input signal, wherein the encoded input signal includes encoded audio information and associated metadata including one or more decoding-control parameters, one or more first parameters specifying dynamic range compression suitable for use by a first mode of decoding that uses a first reference reproduction level, and one or more second parameters specifying dynamic range compression suitable for use by a second mode of decoding that uses a second reference reproduction level;
applying a decoding process to the encoded audio information to obtain subband signals, wherein the decoding process is adapted in response to the one or more decoding-control parameters;
modifying the subband signals to obtain modified subband signals with changed dynamic range characteristics, wherein the modifying is adapted in response to the one or more second parameters;
applying a synthesis filter bank to the modified subband signals to obtain a time-domain audio signal; and
applying a fixed gain and a limiter to the time-domain audio signal, wherein the application of the fixed gain raises an effective reference reproduction level of the audio output signal above the second reference reproduction level, and wherein the application of the limiter prevents amplitudes of the audio output signal from exceeding a clipping level.
8. The medium of claim 7 , wherein the first reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude 31 dB below the clipping level, the second reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude 20 dB below the clipping level, and the effective reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude from 14 dB to 8 dB below clipping level.
9. The medium of claim 8 , wherein the effective reference reproduction level corresponds to an amplitude 11 dB below clipping level.