Hardware-in-the-loop grid simulator system and method
A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) electrical grid simulation system and method that combines a reactive divider with a variable frequency converter to better mimic and control expected and unexpected parameters in an electrical grid. The invention provides grid simulation in a manner to allow improved testing of variable power generators, such as wind turbines, and their operation once interconnected with an electrical grid in multiple countries. The system further comprises an improved variable fault reactance (reactive divider) capable of providing a variable fault reactance power output to control a voltage profile, therein creating an arbitrary recovery voltage. The system further comprises an improved isolation transformer designed to isolate zero-sequence current from either a primary or secondary winding in a transformer or pass the zero-sequence current from a primary to a secondary winding.
1. An electrical grid simulation system for providing grid simulation to mimic and control parameters within an electrical grid comprising:
a power amplifier;
an isolation transformer comprising a tertiary delta winding and a switching means for controlling connection of said tertiary delta winding operatively connected to at least one corner of said tertiary delta winding; and
a reactive divider operatively connected to a variable frequency converter, said reactive divider operating as a variable fault reactive device comprising a reactive impedance divider comprising one or more reactors per phase, wherein said reactive divider is capable of simulating a fault within an electrical grid by:
connecting a first variable inductor in series with said power amplifier to allow the passage of current from a simulated bus grid to a utility bus grid;
connecting a second variable inductor in parallel with said first variable inductor, connected in series with said power amplifier, to allow the passage of current from said simulated bus grid to ground simultaneously with the passage of current from said utility bus grid to ground, to create a simulated electrical fault; and
adjusting said second variable inductor to increase or decrease the reactance appearing on said utility bus grid to adjust the impact of said simulated electrical fault.
2. An electrical grid simulation system for providing grid simulation to mimic and control parameters within an electrical grid comprising:
a power amplifier;
an isolation transformer; and
a reactive divider operatively connected to a variable frequency converter, said reactive divider operating as a variable fault reactive device comprising a reactive impedance divider comprising one or more reactors per phase, wherein said reactive divider is capable of simulating a fault within an electrical grid by:
connecting a first variable inductor in series with said power amplifier to allow the passage of current from a simulated bus grid to a utility bus grid;
connecting a second variable inductor in parallel with said first variable inductor, connected in series with said power amplifier, to allow the passage of current from said simulated bus grid to ground simultaneously with the passage of current from said utility bus grid to ground, to create a simulated electrical fault; and
adjusting said second variable inductor to increase or decrease the reactance appearing on said utility bus grid to adjust the impact of said simulated electrical fault.
3. An electrical grid simulation system for providing grid simulation to mimic and control parameters within an electrical grid comprising:
a power amplifier; and
a reactive divider operatively connected to a variable frequency converter, said reactive divider operating as a variable fault reactive device comprising a reactive impedance divider comprising one or more reactors per phase, wherein said reactive divider is capable of simulating a fault within an electrical grid by:
connecting a first variable inductor in series with said power amplifier to allow the passage of current from a simulated bus grid to a utility bus grid;
connecting a second variable inductor in parallel with said first variable inductor, connected in series with said power amplifier, to allow the passage of current from said simulated bus grid to ground simultaneously with the passage of current from said utility bus grid to ground, to create a simulated electrical fault; and
adjusting said second variable inductor to increase or decrease the reactance appearing on said utility bus grid to adjust the impact of said simulated electrical fault.