Molecular diagnostic test for cancer
Methods and compositions are provided for the identification of a molecular diagnostic test for cancer. The test defines a novel DNA damage repair deficient molecular subtype and enables classification of a patient within this subtype. The present invention can be used to determine whether patients with cancer are clinically responsive or non-responsive to a therapeutic regimen prior to administration of any chemotherapy. This test may be used in different cancer types and with different drugs that directly or indirectly affect DNA damage or repair, such as many of the standard cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs currently in use. In particular, the present invention is directed to the use of certain combinations of predictive markers, wherein the expression of the predictive markers correlates with responsiveness or non-responsiveness to a therapeutic regimen.
1. A method of diagnosing and treating an individual as having a DNA damage response deficient (DDRD) cancer comprising:
a. measuring expression levels of at least five biomarkers in a test sample of cancer cells obtained from the individual, wherein the at least five biomarkers are selected from the group consisting of CXCL10, MX1, IDO1, IFI44L, CD2, GBP5, PRAME, ITGAL, LRP4, and APOL3;
b. deriving a combined test score that captures the expression levels;
c. providing a threshold score comprising information correlating the test score and a diagnosis of the cancer;
wherein the individual is diagnosed as having the DDRD cancer when the test score exceeds the threshold score; and
d. treating the diagnosed individual with a DNA-damage therapeutic agent.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring, in the test sample, an expression level of one or more biomarkers selected from the group consisting of CDR1, FYB, TSPAN7, RAC2, KLHDC7B, GRB14, AC138128.1, KIF26A, CD274, CD109, ETV7, MFAP5, OLFM4, PI15, FOSB, FAM19A5, NLRC5, PRICKLE1, EGR1, CLDN10, ADAMTS4, SP140L, ANXA1, RSAD2, ESR1, IKZF3, OR2I1P, EGFR, NAT1, LATS2, CYP2B6, PTPRC, PPP1R1A, and AL137218.1.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the test score captures the expression levels of all biomarkers from the group consisting of CXCL10, MX1, IDO1, IFI44L, CD2, GBP5, PRAME, ITGAL, LRP4, and APOL3, and wherein the individual is diagnosed as having the DDRD cancer when the test score exceeds the threshold score.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is selected from melanoma, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cancer is associated with one or more mutations in the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway.
6. The method of anyone of claims 1 - 5 , wherein the DNA-damage therapeutic agent comprises one or more substances selected from the group consisting of: a DNA damaging agent, a DNA repair targeted therapy, an inhibitor of DNA damage signalling, an inhibitor of DNA damage induced cell cycle arrest, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and a heat shock protein inhibitor.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the DNA damaging agent is selected from cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin and cyclophosamide; the Topoisomerase I inhibitors Irinotecan and toptecan; the Topoisomerase II inhibitors etoposide, doxorubicin, and epirubicin; ionising radiation; the DNA repair targeted DNA-PK inhibitors Nu7441 and NU7026, PARP inhibitors, AZD2281, AG014699, ABT-888, MK4827, BSI-201, and TRC-102; the inhibitors of DNA damage signalling ATM inhibitors CP466722 and KU-55933; the CHK1/CHK2 inhibitors XL-844, AZD7762, and PF00477736; and heat shock protein inhibitors geldanamycin and AUY922.
8. A method of treating an individual diagnosed as having a DNA damage response deficient (DDRD) cancer, comprising treating the individual with a DNA-damage therapeutic agent, wherein the individual has been diagnosed prior to treatment as having the DDRD cancer when a combined test score exceeds a threshold score, wherein the combined test score determination has been done by a method comprising:
a. measuring expression levels of at least five biomarkers in a test sample of cancer cells obtained from the individual, wherein the at least five biomarkers are selected from the biomarkers in Table 2B;
b. deriving a combined test score that captures the expression levels;
c. providing a threshold score comprising information correlating the test score and a diagnosis of the cancer; and
d. comparing the combined test score to the threshold score.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the combined test score captures the expression levels of all 44 biomarkers in Table 2B, and wherein the individual is diagnosed as having the DDRD cancer when the test score exceeds a threshold score calculated using the weights of Table 2B.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the cancer is selected from melanoma, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the cancer is associated with one or more mutations in the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway.
12. The method of anyone of claims 8 - 11 , wherein the DNA-damage therapeutic agent comprises one or more substances selected from the group consisting of: a DNA damaging agent, a DNA repair targeted therapy, an inhibitor of DNA damage signalling, an inhibitor of DNA damage induced cell cycle arrest, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and a heat shock protein inhibitor.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the DNA damaging agent is selected from cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin and cyclophosamide; the Topoisomerase I inhibitors Irinotecan and toptecan; the Topoisomerase II inhibitors etoposide, doxorubicin, and epirubicin; ionising radiation; the DNA repair targeted DNA-PK inhibitors Nu7441 and NU7026, PARP inhibitors, AZD2281, AG014699, ABT-888, MK4827, BSI-201, and TRC-102; the inhibitors of DNA damage signalling ATM inhibitors CP466722 and KU-55933; the CHK1/CHK2 inhibitors XL-844, AZD7762, and PF00477736; and heat shock protein inhibitors geldanamycin and AUY922.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the biomarkers is CXCL10.
15. A method of treating an individual diagnosed as having a DNA damage response deficient (DDRD) cancer, comprising treating the individual with a modulator of DNA-damage-related immune signalling, wherein the individual has been diagnosed prior to treatment as having the DDRD cancer when a combined test score exceeds a threshold score, and wherein the combined test score determination has been done by a method comprising:
a. obtaining a test sample of tumour cells from the individual;
b. measuring expression levels of at least five biomarkers in the test sample of tumour cells obtained from the individual, wherein the at least five biomarkers are selected from the biomarkers in Table 2B;
c. deriving a combined test score that captures the expression levels;
d. providing a threshold score comprising information correlating the test score and a diagnosis of the cancer; and
e. comparing the combined test score to the threshold score.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the combined test score captures the expression levels of all 44 biomarkers in Table 2B, and wherein the individual is diagnosed as having the DDRD cancer when the test score exceeds a threshold score calculated using the weights of Table 2B.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cancer is selected from melanoma, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cancer is associated with one or more mutations in the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the modulator of DNA-damage-related immune signalling is selected from cisplatin and ionising radiation.