Animal feed preservative, supplement and methods
Embodiments herein relate to animal feed preservatives including byproducts containing levulinic acid and methods of making and using the same. In an embodiment, a method of making an animal feed preservative is included. The method can include obtaining an acidic byproduct of a manufacturing process. The acidic byproduct can include at least about 1% by weight levulinic acid or a salt thereof. The method can further include mixing the acidic byproduct with a base to form the animal feed preservative. The animal feed preservative can include at least about 5 wt. % of the acid byproduct. In various embodiments, a method of reducing the amount of mycotoxins formed in an animal feed product during storage is included. In various embodiments, an animal feed preservative or supplement is included. Other embodiments are also included herein.
1. A method of making an animal feed preservative comprising:
obtaining an acidic byproduct of a manufacturing process, the acidic byproduct comprising at least 1% by weight levulinic acid or a salt thereof;
mixing the acidic byproduct with propionic acid or salt thereof and at least one carboxylic acid or salt thereof;
mixing the acidic byproduct, propionic acid or salt thereof, and the at least one carboxylic acid or salt thereof with a base to form the animal feed preservative, the animal feed preservative comprising at least 5 wt. % of the acid byproduct; and
wherein the pH of the animal feed preservative is adjusted to between 4.0 to 8.0.
2. The method of claim 1 , the base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide.
3. The method of claim 1 , the acidic by product comprising at least 5 wt. % levulinic acid.
4. The method of claim 1 , the acidic byproduct comprising at least 5 wt. % hydrochloric acid.
5. The method of claim 1 , the acidic byproduct comprising at least 5 wt. % chloride ion.
6. The method of claim 1 , the acidic byproduct comprising at least 1 wt. % polymerized Maillard reaction products.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the manufacturing process is a carboxylic acid manufacturing process.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the manufacturing process is a glucosamine manufacturing process.
9. The method of claim 1 , the animal feed preservative comprising a hay preservative.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the animal feed preservative is between 5.0 to 7.0.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the acidic byproduct with a surfactant.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the acidic byproduct with ascorbic acid or a salt thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the acidic byproduct with benzoic acid or a salt thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the acidic byproduct with propionic acid or a salt thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising manufacturing a component of the animal feed preservative and collecting the acidic byproduct therefrom.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one carboxylic acid or a salt thereof comprises acetic acid or a salt thereof.
17. The method of claim 1 , the animal feed preservative comprising at least 10% by weight of propionic acid or a salt thereof.