Methods and systems for monitoring, diagnosing, and treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A novel set of 98 genes expressed in the respiratory tract epithelium that serve as biomarkers for measuring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) activity are provided. Methods of classifying the (COPD) status of a subject are provided. Systems for expression-based classification of COPD disease status are provided. Methods of treating COPD are also provided, among other things.
1. A method of detecting respiratory tract epithelium gene expression, comprising:
(a) obtaining a respiratory tract epithelium sample from a human subject; and
(b) detecting expression in the sample of each gene of a gene set, wherein the gene set consists of DUSP5 and at least one gene selected from LCN2, FOS, FGFBP1, PTGS2, TNC, IGF2BP3, SAA2, ABCA12, SLC26A2, CFB, IRAK3, and SAA1.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gene set consists of LCN2, FOS, DUSP5, FGFBP1, PTGS2, TNC, IGF2BP3, SAA2, ABCA12, SLC26A2, CFB, IRAK3, and SAA1.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the expression level of each gene in the gene set, wherein an increased linear fold change of greater than 1.25 in the expression level of each gene in the gene set relative to the expression level of each gene in the gene set in a control sample is detected.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the subject has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the expression level of each gene in the gene set, wherein an increased linear fold change of greater than 1.25 in the expression level of each gene in the gene set relative to the expression level of each gene in the gene set in a control sample is not detected.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the subject does not have COPD.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein FOS is also a member of the gene set.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein FOS is also a member of the gene set.
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein FOS is also a member of the gene set.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein FOS is also a member of the gene set.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein FOS is also a member of the gene set.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample from the subject is obtained from the bronchi walls of at least one of sixth generation, seventh generation, and eighth generation bronchi of the subject.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample from the subject is obtained during fiberoptic bronchoscopy by brushing the bronchi walls of the subject.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the expression of each gene of the gene set is detected by a process comprising contacting the sample with a probe and measuring hybridization between the probe and mRNA in the sample.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the expression of each gene of the gene set is detected by a process comprising reverse transcribing mRNA in the sample into cDNA, contacting the cDNA with a probe, and measuring hybridization between the probe and the cDNA.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the expression of each gene of the gene set is detected by a process comprising contacting the sample with a primer pair, amplifying mRNA in the sample with the primer pair, and measuring amplification of the mRNA.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the expression of each gene of the gene set is detected by a process comprising reverse transcribing mRNA in the sample into cDNA, contacting the cDNA with a primer pair, amplifying the cDNA with the primer pair, and measuring amplification of the cDNA.