Temperature-stable, electrolytic hydrogel and method for stimulating crude oil and natural gas deposits
The invention relates to a temperature-stable hydrogel comprising electrolytic water and a copolymer cross-linked to multivalent metal ions. The invention is characterized in that the copolymer contains at least structural units which are derived at up to 0.005-20% by weight from an ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid and alkali metal salts thereof and/or ammonia salts, up to 5-40% by weight from an ethylenically unsaturated sulfuric acid and alkali metal salts thereof and/or ammonia salts and up to 5-94.995% by weight from an amide of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group of acrylamide, methacrylamide and/or C 1 -C 4 alkyl derivatives, wherein the percentages are based on the total mass of the monomers used during copolymerization, and that the multivalent metal ions for cross-linking of the copolymers belong to the groups IIIA, IVB, VB, VIIIB and/or VIIIB of the periodic system of elements.
1. Temperature-stable hydrogel containing water, comprising:
at least one electrolyte and a copolymer cross-linked with polyvalent metal ions,
wherein said copolymer contains structural units of which
0.005-20% by weight of the total mass of monomers of said copolymer are of an ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid and at least one alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of said ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid;
5-40% by weight of the total mass of monomers of said copolymer are of an ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid and at least one alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of said ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid; and
5-94.995% by weight of the total mass of monomers of said copolymer are an amide of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide and C 1 -C 4 -alkyl derivatives thereof,
wherein said polyvalent metal ions are selected from the group consisting of groups IIIA, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and/or VIIIB of the periodic table; and
wherein the electrolyte content in said hydrogel is between 0.075 and 25% by weight relative to the total mass of the hydrogel.
2. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said hydrogel has a gel character up to 250° C.
3. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte content of said hydrogel is between 0.1 and 10% by weight relative to the total quantity of said hydrogel.
4. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte comprises at least one of alkali-metal halides and alkaline earth metal halides.
5. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte comprises salts of organic amines.
6. The hydrogel of claim 1 wherein said ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid is selected from the group consisting of vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosponic acid, their alkali metal salts and ammonium salts.
7. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said amide of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and methacrylamide.
8. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid is selected from the group consisting of vinylsulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, their alkali metal salts and ammonium salts thereof.
9. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said copolymer additionally contains structural units comprising:
at least one of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, its alkali metal salts and ammonium salts; and
an additional copolymerisable monomer, selected from the group consisting of alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, oxyalkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with N, N-dialkylalkanol amines and N-vinylamides.
10. The hydrogel of claim 9 , wherein said ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is a derivative of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, their alkali metal salts and ammonium salts.
11. The hydrogel of claim 9 ,
wherein said alkyl ester is of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid or crotonic acid;
wherein said oxyalkylester is a 2-hydroxyethyl ester of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid or crotonic acid;
wherein said ester of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids is N,N-dimethylethanolamine methacrylate, its salts or quaternary products; and
wherein said N-vinylamides are at least one of N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide and cyclic N-vinylamide compounds.
12. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said copolymer has been produced by inverse emulsion polymerisation.
13. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said copolymer has a weight-average molecular weight of at least 1 million Daltons when measured in a non-cross-linked state.
14. The hydrogel of claim 1 ,
wherein said polyvalent metal ions are selected from the group consisting of cations of zirconium, aluminium, boron, titanium, chromium and iron.
15. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said copolymer is present in a concentration of 0.1 to 10% by weight, relative to the total quantity of said hydrogel.
16. A method for hydraulic fracturing of crude oil or natural gas deposits or reservoir stimulation of underground waters, comprising:
pressing a hydrogel containing water into a crude oil or natural gas deposit wherein said hydrogel comprises:
at least one electrolyte and a copolymer cross-linked with polyvalent metal ions,
wherein said copolymer contains structural units of which
0.005-20% by weight of the total mass of monomers of said copolymer are of an ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid and at least one alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of said ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid;
5-40% by weight of the total mass of monomers of said copolymer are of an ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid and at least one alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of said ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid; and
5-94.995% by weight of the total mass of monomers of said copolymer are an amide of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide and C1-C4-alkyl derivatives thereof,
wherein said polyvalent metal ions are selected from the group consisting of groups IIIA, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and/or VIIIB of the periodic table; and
wherein the electrolyte content in said hydrogel is between 0.075 and 25% by weight relative to the total mass of the hydrogel.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said hydrogel is made by:
adding said copolymer to an electrolyte solution to make an electrolyte-containing copolymer solution;
adding a buffer to said electrolyte-containing copolymer solution, wherein said copolymer forms a three dimensional network;
adding additives and supporting bodies to said electrolyte-containing copolymer solution; and
introducing into said crude oil or natural gas deposit a solution of a salt containing a polyvalent cation of at least one of groups IIIA, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and/or VIIIB of the periodic table.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein saline is used to make said copolymer solution.