Method for magnetic resonance imaging with optimized background phase distribution

1. A method for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for imaging an imaging area of an object, wherein a reconstruction image quality depends on a spatial distribution of background phase, the method comprising the steps of:

a) determining a background phase distribution using an optimization algorithm having a reconstruction quality as an optimization criterion, wherein limitation of a spatial variation of a background phase offset distribution is integrated as a boundary condition in the optimization algorithm;

b) applying at least one spatially selective radio frequency pulse, said at least one spatially selective radio frequency pulse contributing to generation of an MR signal distribution having a previously determined background phase distribution, wherein the at least one spatially selective radio frequency pulse generates the background phase offset distribution as a part of the background phase distribution;

c) acquiring MR signals;

d) reconstructing a spatial MR signal distribution; and

e) storing and/or displaying an MR image.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein conjugated k space symmetries are utilized for reconstruction.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein phase-limited image reconstruction is performed.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein k space is not completely sampled during acquisition of the MR signals.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein acquisition of the MR signals is performed by means of at least two receiving elements of a receiving antenna array.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein acquisition of the MR signals and reconstruction are performed in accordance with a SENSE method.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein acquisition of the MR signals and reconstruction are performed in accordance with a GRAPPA method.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a signal-to-noise ratio in a re-constructed image is used as a criterion for reconstruction quality.

9. The method of claim 5 , wherein a geometry factor which specifies a spatially dependent noise increase caused by reconstruction within a scope of a parallel imaging method, is used as a criterion for reconstruction quality.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a strength of artefacts in a re-constructed image is used as a criterion for reconstruction quality.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein within a scope of the optimization algorithm, at least two different background phase distributions are examined with respect to achieved reconstruction quality and a background phase distribution is selected which produces a best reconstruction quality.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least in an imaging area of the object, a spatial grid with grid points is defined and the optimization algorithm determines the background phase for each grid point individually in a search, and one measure to meet the boundary condition consists in that this search is performed only within a certain phase value range which depends on phase values at those grid points for which the search has already been performed.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein a measure for fulfilment of the boundary condition consists in that, in a first step of the optimization algorithm, a preliminary background phase offset distribution is determined and, in a second step, spatial jumps of the preliminary background phase offset distribution are eliminated by adding, to the preliminary background phase offset distribution, at least one further spatial phase distribution which substantially does not change reconstruction quality.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein limitation of the spatial variation of the background phase offset distribution is performed in dependence on a spatial resolution of the at least one spatially selective radio frequency pulse.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the spatially selective radio frequency pulses is a spatially selective radio frequency pulse based on an additional magnetic field.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein application of at least one of the spatially selective radio frequency pulses is performed by means of at least two transmitting elements of a transmitting antenna device.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optimization algorithm determines a background phase distribution relative to an initial background phase distribution determined in a preliminary experiment or through calculation.