Method of manufacturing S-glass fibers in a direct melt operation and products formed therefrom
A method of forming high strength glass fibers in a refractory-lined glass melter, products made there from and batch compositions suited for use in the method are disclosed. The glass composition for use in the method of the present invention is up to about 64-75 weight percent SiO 2 , 16-24 weight percent Al 2 O 3 , 8-12 weight percent MgO and 0.25-3 weight percent R 2 O, where R 2 O equals the sum of Li 2 O and Na 2 O, has a fiberizing temperature less than about 2650° F., and a ΔT of at least 80° F. By using oxide-based refractory-lined furnaces the cost of production of glass fibers is substantially reduced in comparison with the cost of fibers produced using a platinum-lined melting furnace. High strength composite articles including the high strength glass fibers are also disclosed.
1. A process for producing glass fibers from raw glass batch in a refractory-lined glass melter, the process comprising the steps of:
charging raw glass batch to the melting zone of a refractory-lined glass melter, the glass batch comprising:
64-75 weight percent SiO 2 ;
16-24 weight percent Al 2 O 3 ;
8-11 weight percent MgO;
1.75-3 weight percent Li 2 O; and
no more than 2.0 weight percent CaO,
heating the glass batch to form a fiberizable molten glass having a fiberizing temperature of less than about 2600° F.; and
fiberizing said molten glass to produce glass fibers having a strength of greater than about 700 KPsi.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the glass batch comprises:
about 68-69 weight percent SiO 2 ;
about 20-22 weight percent Al 2 O 3 ;
about 9-10 weight percent MgO; and
no more than 2.0 weight percent CaO.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the glass batch comprises:
about 68 weight percent SiO 2;
about 20 weight percent Al 2 O 3 ;
about 10 weight percent MgO; and
no more than 2.0 weight percent CaO.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the glass batch comprises:
less than 5 weight percent total of compounds selected from the group consisting of P 2 O 3 , ZnO, ZrO 2 , SrO, BaO, SO 3 , F 2 , B 2 O 3 , TiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 .
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said molten glass produced from said batch has a liquidus temperature, wherein the difference (ΔT) between the fiberizing temperature and the liquidus temperature is at least 80° F.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein said molten glass produced from said batch has a ΔT of at least 120° F.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the glass melter is lined with an oxide-based refractory material.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the glass melter is lined with a refractory material selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, chromic oxide, alumina-silica, zircon, zirconia-alumina-silica and combinations thereof.
9. The process of claim 5 , wherein said molten glass produced from the batch has a ΔT of at least 140° F.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein said glass batch comprises 2.0-3.0 weight percent Li 2 O.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein said glass fibers have a density of 2.434 g/cc to 2.486 g/cc.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein said glass fibers have a measured modulus greater than 12.6 MPsi.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein said glass fibers have strength in excess of about 730 KPsi.
14. A process for producing glass from raw glass-forming material in a refractory lined glass melter, the glass melter having a roof, a bottom and side walls, defining an elongated channel having a melting zone and a downstream refining zone, the process comprising the steps of:
charging raw glass batch to the melting zone of the refractory-lined glass melter, the glass batch comprising:
64-75 weight percent SiO 2 ;
16-24 weight percent Al 2 O 3 ;
8-11 weight percent MgO; and
1.75-3 weight percent Li 2 O; and
no more than 2.0 weight percent CaO;
providing at least one burner within the roof of the glass melter; and
melting the glass batch to form a fiberizable molten glass, wherein said glass fibers produced have a fiberizing temperature of less than about 2600° F. and a strength of greater than about 700 KPsi.