Ultra-thin inertial actuator
An inertial actuator includes an electro-active polymer EAP actuator, a substrate, and one or more mass elements. The EAP actuator includes at least one EAP layer located between a pair of driving electrodes. The EAP actuator may include a multilayer stack of alternating EAP layers and electrode layers. The EAP actuator is attached to the substrate (e.g., a flexible polymer substrate), which may be held under tension by attachment points at the periphery of the substrate, at the ends of a beam-type substrate, or the edges of a membrane-type actuator. The EMP actuator induces vibrations in the substrate. One or more mass elements (e.g., metal films) may also be supported by the substrate to enhance the resonator response.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
an electromechanical polymer actuator, including an electromechanical polymer layer and electrodes configured to induce an electromechanical response in the electromechanical polymer actuator;
a substrate supporting the electromechanical polymer actuator;
a mass element supported by the substrate; and
a support structure supporting the substrate, wherein the support structure is not integrated with the electromechanical polymer actuator, and wherein the support structure stores an elastic potential energy from deformation and provides tension to the substrate so that the electromechanical response in the electromechanical polymer actuator modifies the tension and induces a vibrational response in the substrate and the mass element, wherein the substrate comprises a flexible film supported at intervals by the support structure, and wherein the vibrational response has a frequency between 100 Hz to 300 Hz.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises a high-definition haptic device or an electronic device having a haptic response.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a flexible polymer strip or membrane.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mass element comprises a metal.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electromechanical polymer layer includes a relaxor ferroelectric polymer.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the relaxor ferroelectric polymer comprises a polymer, copolymer, or terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , the electromechanical polymer layer including a polymer selected from a group of polymers consisting of:
P(VDF x -TrFE y -CFE 1-x-y ) (CFE: chlorolluoroethylene), P(VDF x TrFE y -CTFE 1-x-y ) (CTFE: chlorotritluoroethylene), Poly(vinylidene tluoride-trifluoroethylene-vinylidede chloride) (P(VDF-TrFE-VC)), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-chlorotrilluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TFE-CTFE)), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene- hexafluoropropylene), poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene-tetrafluoroethylene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylenetetrafluoroethylene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tri fluoroethylene-vinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-vinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethyleneperfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether)), poly(vinylidene fluoride-rifluoroethylene-bromotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-vinvlidene chloride), and poly(vinylidene fluoridetetrafluoroethylene vinylidene chloride), where x ranges between 0.5 and 0.75 and y ranges between 0.45 and 0.2.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , the electromechanical polymer layer including being P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) or P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) terpolymer.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , the electromechanical polymer layer including a high energy irradiated P(VDF x -TrFE 1-x ) copolymer, where x is between 0.5 and 0.75 inclusive.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , the electromechanical polymer layer including P(VDF 1-x ,-CTFE x ) or P(VDF 1-x , -HFP x ) where x is in the range from 0.03 to 0.15 molar.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , the electromechanical polymer layer including a blend of P(VDF-CTFE) with P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) or P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE), where the content of P(VDF-CTFE) is in the range of 1% to 10% by weight.
12. A portable electronic device including the apparatus of claim 1 .
13. A haptic feedback device including the apparatus of claim 1 .
14. An apparatus, comprising:
a substrate;
a substrate support holding the substrate, the substrate support storing an elastic potential energy from deformation and providing tension to the substrate; and
an electromechanical polymer actuator attached to the substrate, wherein the electromechanical polymer actuator is not integrated with the substrate support, wherein the electromechanical polymer actuator modifies the tension and provides an electromechanical response in response to an electric signal, the electromechanical response inducing a vibration in the substrate, the substrate being supported by the substrate support at peripheral regions so as to facilitate the vibration of the substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a flexible film supported at intervals by the substrate support, and wherein the vibration has a frequency between 100Hz and 300 Hz.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , the electromechanical response inducing an extension of the substrate.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 , further including a mass clement attached to the substrate, the mass element being vibrated by the electromechanical response of the electromechanical polymer actuator.
17. A portable electronic device including the apparatus of claim 14 .
18. A haptic feedback device including the apparatus of claim 14 .
19. An apparatus, comprising:
a haptic device, the haptic device having an inertial actuator including:
an electromechanical polymer actuator, including electrodes configured to induce an electromechanical response in the electromechanical polymer actuator;
a substrate, supporting the electromechanical polymer actuator;
a support structure supporting the substrate, wherein the support structure is not integrated with the electromechanical polymer actuator, and wherein the support structure stores an elastic potential energy from deformation and provides tension to the substrate, so that the electromechanical response in the electromechanical polymer actuator modifies the tension and induces a vibrational response in the substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a flexible film supported at intervals by the support structure, and wherein the vibrational response has a frequency between 100Hz and 300 Hz.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , the haptic device providing haptic feedback based on tactile inputs received.
21. The apparatus of claim 19 , the inertial actuator further comprising a mass element supported by the substrate.