Enclosing structure and associated assembly and disassembly methods

1. A stadium or arena comprising:

a plurality of opposing faces;

a backfill; and

a roof,

wherein the backfill extends to and inside all or parts of the opposing faces of the stadium or arena, said opposing faces being situated under the roof, and

wherein the roof rests on the backfill extending to and inside parts of the opposing faces of the stadium or arena and is anchored to it by means of anchoring systems which each comprise an anchoring element positioned inside a lower portion of the backfill or immediately under a bottom face of the backfill and at least one tie connecting the anchoring element and the roof through the backfill.

2. The stadium or arena of claim 1 , wherein the backfill is reinforced by means of at least one reinforcement situated at least partially inside the backfill.

3. The stadium or arena of claim 2 , wherein at least one reinforcement used to reinforce the backfill is connected to a facing defining an outside boundary for the backfill.

4. The stadium or arena of claim 1 , wherein said tie, through the backfill, of each anchoring system is prestressed between the anchoring element and the roof.

5. The stadium or arena of claim 1 , wherein the roof is placed on a capping beam atop the backfill.

6. The stadium or arena of claim 1 , wherein the roof comprises at least one sheet extending from a peripheral compression ring with the aid of at least one network of cables which includes taut spokes substantially perpendicular to the compression ring.

7. The stadium or arena of claim 5 , wherein the capping beam and/or a peripheral compression ring is weighted inside and/or at the top in a manner that creates or reinforces the uplift resistance of the roof.

8. The stadium or arena of claim 6 , wherein the peripheral compression ring is arranged to deform radially and wherein a mobile connector is placed between the peripheral compression ring and the backfill to allow a relative displacement to accommodate such radial deformation.

9. The stadium or arena of claim 6 , wherein the roof comprises two sheets arranged in the shape of a lens, and the two sheets are connected to each other by means of bracings substantially orthogonal to a plane containing the peripheral compression ring.

10. The stadium or arena of claim 6 , wherein said sheet extends in a shape substantially consisting of two upper opposing parts and two lower opposing parts, such as a hyperboloid shape, from a peripheral compression ring adapted to said shape, with the aid of a single network of cables which includes taut spokes substantially perpendicular to the peripheral compression ring.

11. A method for assembling a stadium or arena, said stadium or arena comprising a plurality of opposing faces, a backfill and a roof, the backfill extending to and inside all or parts of the opposing faces of the stadium or arena, said opposing faces being situated under the roof, said roof resting on and being attached to the backfill extending to and inside parts of the opposing faces of the stadium or arena, the method comprising:

providing anchoring elements;

superimposing segments of ties alternating with layers of backfill, such that a lower segment of each tie is connected to an anchoring element positioned inside a lower portion of the backfill or immediately under a bottom face of the backfill, and an upper segment of each tie extends beyond an upper portion of the backfill;

installing a roof such that said roof rests on the backfill and is attached to the backfill by means of the upper segment of each tie.

12. A method for disassembling a stadium or arena, said stadium or arena comprising a plurality of opposing faces, a backfill and a roof, the backfill extending to and inside all or parts of the opposing faces of the stadium or arena, said opposing faces being situated under the roof, said roof resting on and being attached to the backfill extending to and inside parts of the opposing faces of the stadium or arena, wherein the disassembly method comprises:

separating the roof from ties connecting it to anchoring elements positioned inside a lower portion of the backfill or immediately under a bottom face of the backfill;

taking down the roof;

extracting segments of said ties alternating with layers of backfill;

extracting the anchoring elements.

13. The stadium or arena of claim 1 , wherein the tie comprises a plurality of segments connected to each other by means of coupling devices.

14. The stadium or arena of claim 1 , wherein the tie is encased in a sheath to prevent direct contact between said tie and the backfill.

15. An enclosing structure comprising:

a backfill; and

a roof,

wherein the roof rests on the backfill and is anchored to it by means of anchoring systems arranged within the backfill,

wherein the roof comprises at least one sheet extending from a peripheral compression ring with the aid of at least one network of cables which includes taut spokes substantially perpendicular to the compression ring, and

wherein the peripheral compression ring is arranged to deform radially and wherein a mobile connector is placed between the peripheral compression ring and the backfill to allow a relative displacement to accommodate such radial deformation.