Emulsion/colloid mediated flavor encapsulation and delivery with tobacco-derived lipids
Flavorants are emulsified in tobacco-derived lipids and encapsulated with biopolymers and polysaccharides. The emulsions include oil-in-water emulsions, oil-in-water-in-oil emulsions, water-in oil emulsions, or water-in-oil-in-water emulsions, and optionally include ethanol and/or propylene glycol in an oil phase.
1. A method of making an encapsulated flavorant, comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing an emulsified flavorant by mixing a flavorant, a tobacco-derived lipid and optionally water, wherein the tobacco derived lipid is a C20 to C42 fraction;
(b) coating droplets of the emulsified flavorant with a first biopolymer layer comprising a biopolymer selected from the group consisting of amphoteric proteins, cationic proteins, cationic polysaccharides, and nonionic polysaccharides, such that the droplets include the first biopolymer layer substantially surrounding a core of emulsified flavorant;
(c) coating the first layer with a second layer substantially surrounding the first layer and comprising an anionic polysaccharide to form an encapsulated flavorant; and
(d) drying the droplets to form beads or powder of the encapsulated flavorant.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tobacco-derived lipid is a C20 to C42 fraction isolated from tobacco plants by stem washing and/or by a dry ice expanded tobacco process.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the droplets are dried by freeze drying.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising an additional step of coating the encapsulated flavorant using a pan or fluidized bed coater.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the emulsified flavorant is formed into droplets having a diameter of from 50-1000 nm before coating with the first biopolymer layer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the preparing an emulsified flavorant comprises mixing with a high-shear mixer.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said emulsified flavorant comprises an emulsion selected from the group consisting of an oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion, water-in oil emulsion, and water-in-oil-in-water emulsion.
8. An encapsulated flavorant, comprising:
(a) a core comprising a flavorant, a tobacco-derived lipid and optionally water, wherein the tobacco derived lipid is a C20 to C42 fraction;
(b) a first biopolymer layer substantially surrounding the core and comprising a biopolymer selected from the group consisting of amphoteric proteins, cationic proteins, cationic polysaccharides, and nonionic polysaccharides; and
(c) a second layer substantially surrounding the first biopolymer layer and comprising an anionic polysaccharide.
9. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , wherein said emulsified flavorant comprises a continuous phase and biopolymers disposed to increase a viscosity of the continuous phase.
10. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , wherein said emulsified flavorant is emulsified and/or stabilized by one or more of (a) single or mixed surfactants, (b) single or mixed biopolymers, (c) complex coacervates formed between polysaccharides and/or oligosaccharides, proteins, or mixtures of these, and (d) crosslinked layers of proteins, polysaccharides and/or oligosaccharides.
11. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , comprising an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of sorbitan esters of fatty acids, glyceryl and/or polyglyceryl esters of fatty acids, glycerin esters of fatty acids, acetic acid esters of monoglycerides, lactic acid esters of monoglycerides, citric acid esters of monoglycerides, succinic acid esters of monoglycerides, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, sugar esters of fatty acids including sucrose esters, calcium stearoyl-2-lactate, polysorbates, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, phospholipids, enzyme-digested lecithins, glycolipids, carbohydrate based surfactants, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, proteins, protein hydrosylates, diblock copolymers, and triblock copolymers.
12. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , wherein said first biopolymer layer comprises an amphoteric or positively charged protein selected from the group consisting of milk protein, whey protein, egg white protein, soy protein, wheat protein, tobacco protein fractions from tobacco extract, gelatin, and protein hydrosylates.
13. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , wherein said anionic polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of carrageenans, gum arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, pectins, sodium alginates, gum tragacanth, and xanthan gum.
14. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , wherein
said first biopolymer layer comprises a protein selected from the group consisting of a caseinate and soy protein, and
said anionic polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of kappa-carrageenan and pectins.
15. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , wherein said encapsulated flavorant takes the form of a bead or powder of having a diameter of 1-2000 microns.
16. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , wherein said encapsulated flavorant is stable for a limited time of 1 to 20 minutes under the influence of enzymes in saliva.
17. An orally-enjoyable product, comprising
a product selected from the group consisting of tablets, gels, gums, flavored sponges, pouched products, lozenges, flavor strips, and smokeless tobacco, and
an encapsulated flavorant according to claim 8 .
18. Encapsulated menthol, comprising:
(a) a core comprising menthol, a tobacco-derived lipid and optionally water, wherein the tobacco derived lipid is a C20 to C42 fraction;
(b) a first biopolymer layer substantially surrounding the core and comprising a biopolymer selected from the group consisting of sodium caseinate and soy protein; and
(c) a second layer substantially surrounding the first biopolymer layer and comprising an anionic polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of kappa-carrageenan and pectin,
wherein the encapsulated menthol takes the form of a bead or powder having a diameter of 1-2000 microns.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the emulsified flavorant is prepared by preparing a first oil-in-water emulsion and dispersing the first oil-in-water emulsion in a second oil phase containing surfactants.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flavorant is a water soluble flavorant.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flavorant is an oil soluble flavorant dissolved in an oil-phase of the tobacco-derived lipid.
22. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , wherein the flavorant is a water soluble flavorant.
23. The encapsulated flavorant of claim 8 , wherein the flavorant is an oil soluble flavorant dissolved in an oil-phase of the tobacco derived lipid.