Image pickup apparatus, image pickup system, and method of driving image pickup apparatus
In an image pickup apparatus including first circuits, second circuits, and conversion units, an operation period of the second circuit is shorter than an operation period of the first circuit, and a number of the first circuit arranged in each unit cell is greater than a number of the second circuit arranged in each unit cell.
1. An image pickup apparatus comprising:
a pixel array comprising a plurality of unit cells arranged in matrix,
one of the plurality of unit cells outputting a digital signal based on an electric signal, and the one of the plurality of unit cells comprising
a plurality of photoelectric conversion units each configured to output the electric signal generated by accumulating the electric signal in a period based on electromagnetic waves incident on respective ones of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units, and
a first circuit provided downstream of a photoelectric conversion unit among the plurality of photoelectric conversion units, and a second circuit,
wherein the first circuit is configured to process the electric signal output from the photoelectric conversion unit after the period, the second circuit is configured to process a signal processed by the first circuit,
wherein an operation period of the second circuit is shorter than an operation period of the first circuit, and
wherein a number of the first circuit arranged in the one of the plurality of unit cells is greater than a number of the second circuit arranged in the one of the plurality of unit cells,
wherein the image pickup apparatus further comprises a third circuit configured to process a signal processed by the second circuit,
wherein the second circuit is an amplifier configured to amplify the electric signal, and
wherein the third circuit is a signal processing unit configured to process the electric signal output by the amplifier.
2. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the signal processing unit is a comparator unit configured to compare the electric signal with a reference signal having an electric potential varying with time,
wherein the comparator unit generates a comparison result signal indicating a result of the comparison,
wherein the digital signal is a signal based on a count signal generated by counting a clock signal based on a moment when a change occurs in a signal value of the comparison result signal, and
wherein the operation period of the second circuit is an operation period of the comparator unit, and the operation period of the comparator unit is a period from a start of a change in the electric potential of the reference signal applied to the comparator unit to an end of the change in the electric potential of the reference signal applied to the comparator unit.
3. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 2 ,
wherein the electric signal input to the comparator unit has an amplitude of an input range equal to VR, and the digital signal has a bit length of N bits, and
wherein the operation period of the first circuit is an operation period of the amplifier is a period from a time at which outputting of the electric signal to the amplifier is started to a time at which a difference DIF between an output value of the amplifier and an ideal output value of the amplifier calculated using a gain set for the amplifier satisfies a condition represented by the equation
DIF
≤
VR
2
N
.
4. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 2 ,
wherein the digital signal is a signal based on a count signal generated by counting a clock signal based on a moment when a change occurs in a signal value of the comparison result signal, and
wherein the operation period of the first circuit is an operation period of the amplifier is a period from a time at which the electric signal is applied to the amplifier to a time at which changing the electric potential of the reference signal applied to the comparator unit is started.
5. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 2 ,
wherein the signal processing unit further includes a memory configured to hold the count signal.
6. An image pickup apparatus comprising:
a pixel array comprising a plurality of unit cells arranged in matrix,
one of the plurality of unit cells outputting a digital signal based on an electric signal, and the one of the plurality of unit cells comprising
a plurality of photoelectric conversion units each configured to output the electric signal generated by accumulating the electric signal in a period based on electromagnetic waves incident on respective ones of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units, and
a first circuit provided downstream of a photoelectric conversion unit among the plurality of photoelectric conversion units, and a second circuit,
wherein the first circuit is configured to process the electric signal output from the photoelectric conversion unit after the period, the second circuit is configured to process a signal processed by the first circuit,
wherein an operation period of the second circuit is shorter than an operation period of the first circuit, and
wherein a number of the first circuit arranged in the one of the plurality of unit cells is greater than a number of the second circuit arranged in the one of the plurality of unit cells,
wherein the first circuit is a signal holding unit configured to hold the electric signal, and
wherein the second circuit is a signal processing unit configured to process the electric signal held in the signal holding unit,
wherein the image pickup apparatus further comprises:
a bias line configured to supply an electric potential to the photoelectric conversion unit and the signal processing unit; and
an output line to which the digital signals are sequentially output from the plurality of unit cells,
wherein the bias line is disposed between photoelectric conversion units in the plurality of photoelectric conversion units included in the unit cell, and
wherein the output line is disposed between the unit cells.
7. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 6 ,
wherein the signal processing unit is a comparator unit configured to compare the electric signal with a reference signal having an electric potential varying with time,
wherein the comparator unit generates a comparison result signal indicating a result of the comparison, and
wherein the digital signal is a signal based on a count signal generated by counting a clock signal based on a moment when a change occurs in a signal value of the comparison result signal.
8. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 7 , further comprising a third circuit configured to process a signal processed by the second circuit,
wherein the third circuit is a memory configured to hold the digital signal output from the signal processing unit.
9. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 6 , further comprising:
a plurality of second signal holding units in an electrical path between the plurality of photoelectric conversion units and the signal processing unit,
wherein a first one of the plurality of second signal holding units holds a signal based on the electric signal of a first one of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units, and
wherein a second one of the plurality of second signal holding units holds a signal based on the electric signal of a second one of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units different from the first one of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units.
10. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 6 ,
wherein the plurality of photoelectric conversion units included in each unit cell are photoelectric conversion units arranged in the form of an array with two rows and two columns, and
wherein the signal processing unit is disposed between rows and between columns of the array.
11. An image pickup system comprising:
an image pickup apparatus; and
an output signal processing unit connected to the image pickup apparatus, and configured to generate an image by processing a signal output from the image pickup apparatus,
wherein the image pickup apparatus comprises:
a pixel array comprising a plurality of unit cells arranged in matrix,
one of the plurality of unit cells outputting a digital signal based on an electric signal, and the one of the plurality of unit cells comprising:
a plurality of photoelectric conversion units configured to output the electric signal generated by accumulating the electric signal in a period based on electromagnetic waves incident on respective ones of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units, and
a first circuit provided downstream of a photoelectric conversion unit among the plurality of photoelectric conversion units, and a second circuit,
wherein the first circuit is configured to process the electric signal provided downstream of the photoelectric conversion unit, and the second circuit is configured to process a signal processed by the first circuit,
wherein an operation period of the second circuit is shorter than an operation period of the first circuit, and
wherein a number of the first circuit arranged in the one of the plurality of unit cells is greater than a number of the second circuit arranged in the one of the plurality of unit cells,
wherein the image pickup apparatus further comprises a third circuit configured to process a signal processed by the second circuit,
wherein the second circuit is an amplifier configured to amplify the electric signal, and
wherein the third circuit is a signal processing unit configured to process the electric signal output by the amplifier.