Compositions and methods for growth factor modulation
Provided herein are proteins, antibodies, assays and methods useful for modulating growth factor levels and/or activities. In some embodiments, such growth factors are members of the TGF-β superfamily of proteins.
1. An antibody produced by a method comprising the steps of:
i. expressing mammalian proGDF-8;
ii. subjecting the expressed mammalian proGDF-8 to enzymatic cleavage with one or more of furin, bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1), mammalian tolloid protein (mTLD), mammalian tolloid-like 1 (mTLL1), and mammalian tolloid-like 2 (mTLL2), so as to form a growth factor prodomain complex (GPC);
iii. carrying out solid-phase or solution-phase enrichment with an antibody fragment phage display library, wherein the GPC formed by enzymatic cleavage is used as a target antigen;
iv. selecting phage particles that bind to the GPC formed by enzymatic cleavage and excluding phage particles that bind to isolated GDF-8 growth factor or isolated GDF-8 prodomain; and
v. producing recombinant antibodies having complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of an antibody fragment expressed at the surface of the selected phage particles.
2. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said antibody is human or humanized.
3. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said antibody is subjected to affinity maturation.
4. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said method further comprises:
vi. screening the recombinant antibodies and selecting those which inhibit release of GDF-8 growth factor from GDF-8 GPCs.
5. The antibody of claim 4 , wherein antibodies that inhibit GDF-8 activity are selected.
6. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said method further comprises:
vi. conducting a negative selection to remove antibodies that bind to one or more undesired antigens.
7. The antibody of claim 6 , wherein said one or more undesired antigens are selected from the group consisting of GDF-8 prodomain, GDF-8 growth factor, murine proGDF-8, proGDF-11, proTGF-β1, and a protein with an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID Nos: 207-230.
8. The antibody of claim 7 , wherein said antibody is human or humanized.
9. The antibody of claim 7 , wherein said antibody is subjected to affinity maturation.
10. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein phage particle binding is determined using one or more binding assays selected from the group consisting of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, surface plasmon resonance assays, and flow cytometry assays.
11. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said enzymatic cleavage comprises sequential enzymatic cleavage with at least two enzymes.
12. The antibody of claim 11 , wherein said antibody is human or humanized.
13. The antibody of claim 11 , wherein said antibody is subjected to affinity maturation.
14. The antibody of claim 1 comprising an isotype selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgGA2, IgD, IgE, and IgM.
15. The antibody of claim 1 comprising a bispecific antibody.
16. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said mammalian proGDF-8 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.