Liquid refinement

1. An apparatus for refining a liquid stream, wherein the liquid stream comprises a liquid carrier having solid particles and a lower-density liquid mixed therein, wherein the solid particles have a specific gravity that is greater than a specific gravity of the liquid carrier and the lower-density liquid has a specific gravity that is less than the specific gravity of the liquid carrier, the apparatus comprising:

a first flow chamber for directing the liquid stream downwards in a first direction at a first velocity, wherein the first direction is substantially parallel to gravity and the first velocity is greater than a settling velocity of the solid particles in the liquid carrier;

a second flow chamber for directing the liquid carrier upwards in a second direction opposite the first direction;

a bottom separation chamber disposed between the first flow chamber and the second flow chamber, the bottom separation chamber comprising a bottom redirection portion and a bottom collection portion, wherein:

the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber comprises bottom inclined plates across which the liquid carrier flows;

the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber redirects flow in the first direction from the first flow chamber at a first velocity to a third direction, substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and redirects flow in the third direction into the second flow chamber at a second velocity;

flow of the liquid carrier through the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber slows from the first velocity to the second velocity;

the second velocity is less than the settling velocity of the solid particles in the liquid carrier; and

the solid particles fall out of the liquid carrier in the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber and collect in the bottom collection portion of the bottom separation chamber;

a third flow chamber for directing the liquid carrier, substantially free of solid particles, downwards in the first direction; and

a top separation chamber disposed between the second flow chamber and the third flow chamber, the top separation chamber comprising a top redirection portion and a top collection portion, wherein:

the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber redirects flow in the second direction from the second flow chamber at a third velocity to the first direction in the third flow chamber at a fourth velocity;

the third velocity is greater than a rise-velocity of the lower-density liquid in the liquid carrier and the fourth velocity is less than the rise-velocity; and

the lower-density liquid rises out of the liquid carrier in the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber and collects in the top collection portion of the top separation chamber.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:

the bottom inclined plates define bottom inclined channels fluidly coupling an outlet of the first flow chamber and an inlet of the second flow chamber; and

the liquid carrier flows into the bottom inclined channels in the third direction.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:

the second flow chamber is an annulus formed around the third flow chamber; and

the third direction is radially outward.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:

the bottom inclined plates in the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber are circumferentially spaced apart in an annular formation; and

the annular formation of bottom inclined plates is positioned proximate an inlet of, and substantially concentric with the annulus that is, the second flow chamber.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:

the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber comprises top inclined plates across which the liquid carrier flows; and

the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber redirects flow in the second direction from the second flow chamber to a fourth direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions and redirects flow in the fourth direction into the third flow chamber.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:

the top inclined plates define top inclined channels fluidly coupling an outlet of the second flow chamber and an inlet of the third flow chamber; and

the liquid carrier flows out of the top inclined channels in the fourth direction.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein;

the second flow chamber is an annulus formed around the third flow chamber; and

the fourth direction is radially inward.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein:

the top inclined plates in the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber are circumferentially spaced apart in an annular formation; and

the annular formation of top inclined plates is positioned proximate an inlet of, and substantially concentric with the annulus that is, the second flow chamber.

9. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the fourth direction is substantially is opposite the third direction.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second flow chamber comprises coalescing media.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a cross-sectional dimension of an inlet portion of the second flow chamber is greater than a cross-sectional dimension of an outlet of the second flow chamber.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the third velocity is greater than the second velocity.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the magnitude of the third velocity is substantially the same as the magnitude of the first velocity.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein an inlet of the first flow chamber is a bent pipe that directs the liquid stream towards a bottom side of a separator plate disposed between the first flow chamber and the third flow chamber.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a slope of the bottom inclined plates, relative to horizontal, is between about 20 degrees and about 65 degrees.

16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the liquid stream is free of flocculants.

17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first flow chamber, the second flow chamber, the third flow chamber, the bottom separation chamber, and the top separation chamber are free of moving parts.

18. A method for refining a liquid stream, wherein the liquid stream comprises a liquid carrier having solid particles and a lower-density liquid mixed therein, wherein the solid particles have a specific gravity that is greater than a specific gravity of the liquid carrier and the lower-density liquid has a specific gravity that is less than the specific gravity of the liquid carrier, the method comprising:

flowing the liquid stream through a first flow chamber in a first direction at a first velocity, wherein the first direction is substantially parallel to gravity and the first velocity is greater than a settling velocity of the solid particles in the liquid carrier;

redirecting the liquid carrier 180 degrees such that the liquid carrier flows from the first flow chamber into a second flow chamber in a second direction opposite the first direction at a second velocity less than the settling velocity, wherein:

during redirecting the liquid carrier, the liquid carrier flows into inclined channels in a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions; and

the inclined channels are defined by inclined plates and fluidly couple an outlet of the first flow chamber and an inlet of the second flow chamber;

collecting the solid particles as the solid particles fall out of the liquid carrier during redirecting the liquid carrier from the first flow chamber to the second flow chamber;

flowing the liquid stream through the second flow chamber in the second direction;

redirecting the liquid carrier 180 degrees such that the liquid carrier flows from the second flow chamber at a third velocity to a third flow chamber in the first direction at a fourth velocity;

the third velocity is greater than a rise-velocity of the lower-density liquid in the liquid carrier and the fourth velocity is less than the rise-velocity; and

collecting the lower-density liquid as the lower-density liquid rises out of the liquid carrier during redirecting the liquid carrier from the second flow chamber to the third flow chamber.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein:

during redirecting the liquid carrier from the second flow chamber to the third flow chamber, the liquid carrier flows out of top inclined channels in a fourth direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions; and

the top inclined channels are defined by top inclined plates and fluidly couple an outlet of the second flow chamber and an inlet of the third flow chamber.

20. An apparatus for refining a liquid stream, wherein the liquid stream comprises a liquid carrier having solid particles and a lower-density liquid mixed therein, wherein the solid particles have a specific gravity that is greater than a specific gravity of the liquid carrier and the lower-density liquid has a specific gravity that is less than the specific gravity of the liquid carrier, the apparatus comprising:

a first flow chamber for directing the liquid stream downwards in a first direction at a first velocity, wherein the first direction is substantially parallel to gravity and the first velocity is greater than a settling velocity of the solid particles in the liquid carrier;

a second flow chamber for directing the liquid carrier upwards in a second direction opposite the first direction;

a bottom separation chamber disposed between the first flow chamber and the second flow chamber, the bottom separation chamber comprising a bottom redirection portion and a bottom collection portion, wherein:

the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber comprises bottom inclined plates across which the liquid carrier flows;

the bottom inclined plates define bottom inclined channels fluidly coupling an outlet of the first flow chamber and an inlet of the second flow chamber;

the bottom inclined plates in the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber are circumferentially spaced apart in an annular formation; and

the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber redirects flow in the first direction from the first flow chamber at a first velocity to a radially outward direction, substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and redirects flow in the radially outward direction into the second flow chamber at a second velocity;

the liquid carrier flows into the bottom inclined channels in the radially outward direction;

flow of the liquid carrier through the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber slows from the first velocity to the second velocity;

the second velocity is less than the settling velocity of the solid particles in the liquid carrier; and

the solid particles fall out of the liquid carrier in the bottom redirection portion of the bottom separation chamber and collect in the bottom collection portion of the bottom separation chamber;

a third flow chamber for directing the liquid carrier, substantially free of solid particles, downwards in the first direction, wherein the second flow chamber is an annulus formed around the third flow chamber; and

a top separation chamber disposed between the second flow chamber and the third flow chamber, the top separation chamber comprising a top redirection portion and a top collection portion, wherein:

the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber redirects flow in the second direction from the second flow chamber at a third velocity to the first direction in the third flow chamber at a fourth velocity;

the third velocity is greater than a rise-velocity of the lower-density liquid in the liquid carrier and the fourth velocity is less than the rise-velocity;

the lower-density liquid rises out of the liquid carrier in the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber and collects in the top collection portion of the top separation chamber;

the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber comprises top inclined plates across which the liquid carrier flows;

the top inclined plates define top inclined channels fluidly coupling an outlet of the second flow chamber and an inlet of the third flow chamber;

the top inclined plates in the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber are circumferentially spaced apart in an annular formation;

the top redirection portion of the top separation chamber redirects flow in the second direction from the second flow chamber to a radially inward direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions and redirects flow in the radially inward direction into the third flow chamber; and

the liquid carrier flows out of the top inclined channels in the radially inward direction.