Ionically crosslinked polyelectrolytes as underwater adhesives as controlled release vehicles
Underwater adhesive materials, methods of making the same, and methods of using the same are described.
1. A composition comprising:
a non-polysaccharide polymer having two or more amine groups; and
a multivalent phosphate crosslinker;
the composition comprising an ionically crosslinked network that forms a gel-like coacervate at a pH in the range of from about 4 to about 10;
wherein the non-polysaccharide polymer having two or more amine groups is poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and the multivalent phosphate crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of pyrophosphate (PPi) and tripolyphosphate (TPP).
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the PAH has a nominal molecular weight ranging from about 1 kDa to about 2,500 kDa.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-polysaccharide polymer having two or more amine groups consists of PAH, and the multivalent crosslinker consists of PPi.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the composition has a crosslinker:polymer molar ratio above about 0.12:1.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-polysaccharide polymer having two or more amine groups consists of PAH, and the multivalent crosslinker consists of TPP.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the composition has a crosslinker:polymer molar ratio ranging from about 0.10:1 to about 0.25:1.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is present at a concentration ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 40 wt %.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition contains water at a concentration ranging from about 20 wt % to about 50 wt %.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a storage modulus of greater than 10 5 Pa.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition exhibits a self-healing capability when torn.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a tensile adhesion strength of greater than about 350 kPa.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is capable of adhering to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces under water.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is capable of adhering to human skin.
14. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an active payload for long-term release.
15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the active payload comprises a fragrance.