Reactor and reaction method
A method of forming a hydrocarbon product, the method comprising a first step of enriching a carrier liquid with carbon monoxide and hydrogen and a subsequent step of bringing the enriched carrier liquid into contact with a catalyst in a first reaction zone of a reactor, wherein the catalyst catalyzes reaction of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form the hydrocarbon product.
1. A method of forming a hydrocarbon product, the method comprising:
a first step in a first gas enrichment zone of a reactor of enriching a carrier liquid by absorption of carbon monoxide and hydrogen using a flow of gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen; and
a subsequent step of bringing the enriched carrier liquid into contact with a catalyst in a separate first reaction zone of the reactor;
wherein the catalyst catalyses reaction of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form the hydrocarbon product; and
wherein the gas enrichment zone is arranged to enrich the carrier liquid such that all hydrogen and carbon monoxide reaching the catalyst comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide absorbed in the enriched carrier liquid rather than comprising free gas such that the reaction is a two-phase reaction between the enriched carrier liquid and the catalyst in the first reaction zone;
the method including the step of:
flowing the gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the gas enrichment zone to intersect a direction of flow of the carrier liquid through the gas enrichment zone in order to enrich the carrier liquid by absorption of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the carrier liquid is brought into contact with a catalyst in one or more further reaction zones of the reactor after passing through the first reaction zone.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the carrier liquid is enriched with carbon monoxide and hydrogen supplied to one or more further gas enrichment zones of the reactor after the carrier liquid passes through the first reaction zone and before the carrier liquid passes through the one or more further reaction zones.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the carrier liquid passes through the reactor under the influence of gravity.
5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen passes through the gas enrichment zone in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the carrier liquid.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the gas enrichment zone comprises packing material, optionally structured, that the carrier liquid and the gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide pass through to provide the enriched carrier liquid.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the catalyst in the reaction zone is supported by a substrate and wherein one or more cartridges comprising the catalyst are retained in one or more respective apertures in the substrate, the cartridge being porous to the carrier liquid.
8. A method according to claim 3 wherein a gas is passed through the carrier liquid in the one or more further gas enrichment zones of the reactor, to desorb from the carrier liquid and absorb into the gas, a water by-product formed by reaction of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to thereby remove the water by-product from the reactor prior to the carrier liquid reaching the catalyst in the one or more further reaction zones of the reactor.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the carrier liquid is free of catalyst.
10. A method according to claim 1 wherein the carrier liquid is wax produced in the reactor.
11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the gas enrichment zone contains a packing material that the gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen and the carrier liquid pass through; the method including the steps of:
flowing the carrier liquid downwardly through the packing material; and
flowing the gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the packing material to intersect the downward flow of the carrier liquid.
12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen is arranged to flow into the packing material to intersect the downward flow of the carrier liquid such that any carbon monoxide or hydrogen not absorbed by the carrier liquid exits above the packing material.
13. A method according to claim 1 including providing a plurality of gas enrichment zones and flowing gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide to each of the gas enrichment zones in parallel.
14. A method according to claim 7 including providing the catalyst in the cartridges in the form of catalyst particles having a size in the range of about 50 to 100 microns.