Electrochemical carbon nanotube filter and method
A filtration apparatus and filtration method can be used to reduce at least one contaminant (e.g., organic molecules, ions and/or biological microorganisms) in an aqueous fluid. The filtration apparatuses and methods of the invention can separate at least one contaminant from an aqueous fluid and/or oxidize at least one contaminant. In operation, an aqueous fluid is flowed through a filtration apparatus comprising a porous carbon nanotube filter material at an applied voltage. In some embodiments, the filtration apparatus described herein can be used for dead-end filtration. In some embodiments, the filtration apparatus described herein can be used for cross-over filtration.
1. A filtration apparatus, comprising:
a housing forming a chamber having a plane, the chamber including an inlet for receiving an input fluid, a first outlet for releasing fluid, and a second outlet for releasing filtered fluid, wherein the inlet and the first outlet are disposed on a first side of the plane, and the second outlet is disposed on a second side of the plane;
a filter positioned along the plane between the inlet and the second outlet, the filter comprising at least one porous polymer layer disposed between a first porous carbon nanotube filter material and a second porous carbon nanotube filter material;
a first conducting connector positioned along the plane between the inlet and the carbon nanotube-based filter; and
a second conducting connector positioned along the plane between the carbon nanotube-based filter and the second outlet;
wherein the first and the second porous carbon nanotube filter material have an average pore size of at least about 0.5 nm; and
wherein the first and the second porous carbon nanotube filter material have a specific surface area of about 80 m 2 /g to about 120 m 2 /g.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first conducting connector is in contact with a portion of the first porous carbon nanotube filter material.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second conducting connector is in contact with a portion of the second porous carbon nanotube filter material.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first conducting connector and the second conducting connector has a thickness of about 100 μm to about 150 μm.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first conducting connector and the second conducting connector are electrically separated from each other to prevent a short circuit.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the first conducting connector and the second conducting connector each comprises at least one hole designed for a peg to align the first conducting connector and the second conducting connector with the filter.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein a rim of the hole is coated with an electrically insulating layer.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the peg is an electrically-insulating peg.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first conducting connector and the second conducting connector includes titanium.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a flux through the porous polymer layer is at least 70% of a flux through the first porous carbon nanotube filter material or the second porous carbon nanotube filter material.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the porous polymer layer has a pore size of about 0.01 μm to about 5 μm.
12. The filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second porous carbon nanotube filter materials comprise undoped carbon nanotubes, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, boron-doped carbon nanotubes, fluorine-doped carbon nanotubes or any combinations thereof.
13. The filtration apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
14. The filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first conducting connector and the second conducting connector are connected to an electrical power source and produce an electric potential of 3 volts or less between the first porous carbon nanotube filter material and the first porous carbon nanotube filter material.