Two electrode apparatus and methods for twelve lead ECG
Described herein are methods, apparatuses, and systems for heart monitoring of a patient. The heart monitoring system can be used to take an electrocardiogram (ECG) using only two electrodes. A handheld device can be used to sequentially measure the electrical signal between different positions on a patient's body. The electrical signals can be processed and analyzed to prepare an ECG for the patient, including a 12-lead ECG.
1. An electrocardiograph comprising:
an electrocardiograph device having (a) a first electrode assembly with a first electrode adapted to measure an electrical signal on a patient's body; (b) a second electrode assembly with a second electrode adapted to measure an electrical signal on the patient's body; (c) control circuitry configured to measure electrocardiogram signals between the first and second electrodes; and (d) a data transmission module configured to transmit the measured electrocardiogram signals to a computing device; and
a computing device having a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing software that includes instructions that when executed by a processor causes the processor to (a) calculate an average PQRST beat from the measured electrocardiogram signals as the first and second electrodes are sequentially placed in Limb Lead I, II, and III positions on a patient's body for a time required to measure at least one heartbeat in each Limb Lead position, the Limb Lead positions known by the processor; and (b) calculate and display augmented Leads aVR, aVL, and aVF from the Limb Leads.
2. The electrocardiograph of claim 1 , wherein software further includes instructions that when executed by the processor causes the processor to (d) calculate and display average Leads V1, V2, and V3 from the measured electrocardiogram signals obtained from sequentially placing one of the first and second electrodes in a V1, V2, and V3 position while contacting the other of the first and second electrodes with a left arm of the patient for a time required to measure at least one heart beat; and (e) calculate and display average Leads V4, V5, and V6 from the measured electrocardiogram signals obtained from sequentially placing one of the first and second electrodes in a V4, V5, and V6 position while contacting the other of the first and second electrodes with a right arm of the patient for a time required to measure at least one heartbeat.
3. The electrocardiograph of claim 1 , wherein the data transmission module is configured to transmit the measured electrocardiogram signals to the computing device by wire.
4. The electrocardiograph of claim 1 , wherein the data transmission module is configured to transmit the measured electrocardiogram signals to the computing device wirelessly.
5. The electrocardiograph of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second electrode assemblies comprises a spring-hinged cuff.
6. The electrocardiograph of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second electrode assemblies comprises a disposable electrode.
7. The electrocardiograph device of claim 1 , wherein the portable computing device is a smartphone and the electrocardiograph device further comprises a housing for the control circuitry and the data transmission module, the housing adapted to fit onto or within a protective case for the smartphone.
8. The electrocardiograph device of claim 1 , wherein the data transmission module is further configured to transmit the measured ECG signals as ultrasonic, frequency modulated (FM) sound signals.
9. The electrocardiograph device of claim 1 , wherein the data transmission module is further configured to encrypt and transmit encrypted signals.
10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing software that includes instructions that when executed by a processor causes the processor to:
receive and record electrocardiogram signals between a first electrode and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes sequentially placed in predetermined paired positions on a patient's body for a time required to measure at least one heartbeat, the paired positions known by the processor and corresponding to Limb Leads I, II and III, and V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6;
for each Limb Lead paired position, determine electrocardiogram signal sets representing a heartbeat; and
calculate augmented leads aVR, aVL, and aVF from the Limb Leads I, II, and III and output the electrocardiogram signals in a 12-lead electrocardiogram format.
11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10 , wherein the electrocardiogram signals analyzed comprise at least one of wired electrical signals, wireless electromagnetic signals, and acoustic sound signals.