Frequency synthesizer
A phase locked loop frequency synthesizer is arranged to provide a target frequency output signal for a radio transmitter or receiver. The synthesizer comprises: a voltage controlled oscillator ( 2 ) operating at a first frequency; a first, fixed frequency divider to provide a second frequency, a pre-scaler to provide a variable frequency division of said second frequency to produce a third frequency, said pre-scaler comprising: a second frequency divider ( 14 ) connected to said first output ( 12 ) and providing a second output at a second frequency; and a phase detector ( 4 ) controlling said voltage controlled oscillator ( 2 ) on the basis of a comparison between a reference signal and a signal dependent on said third frequency; wherein the synthesizer is configured so that said first output ( 10, 12 ) provides said target frequency output signal.
1. A phase locked loop frequency synthesizer arranged to provide a target frequency output signal for a radio transmitter or receiver, the synthesizer comprising:
a voltage controlled oscillator operating at a first frequency;
a first, fixed frequency divider arranged to provide a first output at a second frequency, wherein said second frequency is a fixed fraction of said first frequency;
a pre-scaler arranged to provide a variable frequency division of said second frequency to produce a third frequency, said pre-scaler comprising:
a second frequency divider connected to said first output and providing a second output at the third frequency; and
a phase selector arrangement arranged selectively to alter a phase of said second output in order to alter said third frequency;
a frequency controller controlling said pre-scaler and thereby controlling said third frequency; and
a phase detector controlling said voltage controlled oscillator on the basis of a comparison between a reference signal and a signal dependent on said third frequency;
wherein the synthesizer is configured so that said first output provides said target frequency output signal;
wherein the first frequency divider is arranged to provide the first output and a further output, the further output being at the second frequency and 90 degrees out of phase with the first output, and wherein the synthesizer is configured to provide said first output and said further output as target frequency output signals.
2. A synthesizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fixed fraction is half.
3. A synthesizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first frequency divider comprises a master-slave flip flop arrangement.
4. A synthesizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frequency controller comprises a sigma-delta modulator.
5. A radio transmitter comprising a frequency synthesizer as claimed in claim 1 .
6. A radio transmitter as claimed in claim 5 provided on a semiconductor integrated circuit.
7. A radio receiver comprising a frequency synthesizer as claimed in claim 1 .
8. A radio receiver as claimed in claim 7 provided on a semiconductor integrated circuit.
9. A synthesizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pre-scaler is arranged to provide a variable frequency division of said first output only to produce the third frequency.