Indenyl compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and medical uses thereof

1. A compound of formula (II):

wherein:

R and R 0 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, amino, alkoxy and alkylamino, or R and R 0 together is double-bonded oxygen or double-bonded sulfur, or R and R 0 together is a double-bonded nitrogen bonded to hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, or trifluoromethyl; n is 0, 1 or 2;

Y is hydrogen, alkyl, or trifluoromethyl, and Y′ is hydrogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, amino, alkylamino, or alkoxy, or Y and Y′ together is double-bonded oxygen or double-bonded sulfur, or Y and Y′ together is a double-bonded nitrogen bonded to hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, or trifluoromethyl;

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy, and alkylmercapto;

R 2 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl and alkoxy;

R 14 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, formyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aldehydo, amino, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylamino, mercapto, azido, and substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from alkylsulfinyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, carbamate, carbamido, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, and sulfonamido;

R 12 , R 13 , R 15 and R 16 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, formyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aldehydo, amino, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylamino, mercapto, azido, and substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from alkylsulfinyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, carbamate, carbamido, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, and sulfonamido, or

any two of R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 form an alkylenedioxy group;

X is NR′R″, where R′ is furanyl or furanylalkyl wherein the furanyl of the furanyl or furanylalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more of halo, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, mercapto, alkylmercapto, carboxamido, aldehydo, cyano, oxo, alkylcarbonyloxy, and sulfonamido; and R″ is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkyl, alkylcarbonylalkylcarbonyloxy, pyridyl, and COR 11 wherein R 11 is selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, alkylmercapto, and aryl; or

a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

2. A compound of formula (II):

wherein:

R and R 0 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, amino, alkoxy and alkylamino, or R and R 0 together is double-bonded oxygen or double-bonded sulfur, or R and R 0 together is a double-bonded nitrogen bonded to hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, or trifluoromethyl; n is 0, 1 or 2:

Y is hydrogen, alkyl, or trifluoromethyl, and Y′ is hydrogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, amino, alkylamino, or alkoxy, or Y and Y′ together is double-bonded oxygen or double-bonded sulfur, or Y and Y′ together is a double-bonded nitrogen bonded to hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, or trifluoromethyl;

R 1, R2 , and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy, and alkylmercapto;

R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl and alkoxy;

R 12 , R 13 , R 15 and R 16 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, formyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aldehydo, amino, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylamino, mercapto, alkylmercapto, azido, and substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from alkylsulfinyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, carbamate, carbamido, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, and sulfonamido, R 14 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, formyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aldehydo, amino, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylamino, mercapto, azido, and substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from alkylsulfinyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, carbamate, carbamido, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, and sulfonamido, or

any two of R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 form an alkylenedioxy group;

X is NR′R″ where R′ is selected from trifluoromethyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl, where the heterocycle is selected from pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, and imidazolyl, and the cyclic structure of heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more of halo, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, mercapto, alkylmercapto, and carboxamido; R″ is selected from hydrogen and cyanoalkyl, or R′ and R″ together form a 7-membered, saturated or unsaturated, heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen, and optionally oxygen, and the heterocyclic ring is optionally be substituted with one or more of halo, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, mercapto, alkylmercapto, carboxamido, aldehydo, cyano, oxo, alkylcarbonyloxy, and sulfonamido; or ;

with the proviso that when R′ is selected from heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl and Y and Y′ together is double-bonded oxygen, then R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from trifluoromethyl and alkoxy.

3. The compound, prodrug, or salt of claim 2 , wherein X is NR′R″ where R′ is selected from alkylaminoalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl where the heterocycle is selected from pyrrolyl, and thiophenyl, and the cyclic structure of heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more of halo, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, and dialkylamino; R″ is hydrogen, or R′ and R″ together form a or 7-membered, saturated or unsaturated, heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen, and optionally oxygen, and the heterocyclic ring is optionally be substituted with one or more of halo, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, mercapto, alkylmercapto, carboxamido, aldehydo, cyano, oxo, alkylcarbonyloxy, and sulfonamido.

4. The compound, prodrug, or salt of claim 3 , wherein X is NR′R″ where R′ is selected from heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl, where heterocyclyl is pyrrolyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more of halo, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and R″ is hydrogen or dialkylaminoalkyl.

5. The compound, prodrug, or salt of claim 4 , wherein X is NR′R″ where R′ is a heterocyclylalkyl selected from 2-pyrrolylmethyl and (1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl; and R″ is hydrogen.

6. The compound, prodrug, or salt of claim 1 , wherein R and R 0 are independently selected from hydrogen and hydroxyl, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy, alkyl and trifluoromethyl; n is 1; R 12 , R 13 , R 15 and R 16 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, formyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aldehydo, amino, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylamino, mercapto, azido, and substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from alkylsulfinyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, carbamate, carbamido, and sulfonamido, or any two of R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 form an alkylenedioxy group.

7. The compound, prodrug, or salt of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is selected from halogen, alkoxy and alkylmercapto, R 1 and R 3 are hydrogen; and three of R 12 , R 13 , R 15 and R 16 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylaminoalkyl, and dialkylamino, and R 14 is selected from hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and mercapto.

8. The compound, prodrug, or salt of claim 7 , wherein R 2 is selected from halogen and alkoxy, and R 1 and R 3 are hydrogen.

9. The compound, prodrug, or salt of claim 8 , wherein R 2 is selected from fluoro and methoxy.

10. A compound, an E-isomer thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from:

(Z)—N—((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yflacetamide(018),

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)acetamide (019),

(Z)—N—((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)-2-(1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (022),

(Z)-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide (030),

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide (031),

(Z)-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(1-methylpiperidin-3-yl)acetamide (032),

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(1-methylpiperidin-3-yl)acetamide (033),

(Z)-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)acetamide (063),

(Z)-2-(1-(4-aminocarbonyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)acetamide (065),

(Z)-methyl 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(( 5 -methoxy-2-methyl-3-(2-((1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-inden-1-ylidene)methyl)benzoate (066),

(Z)-2-(1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-sulfamoylbenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide (067),

(Z)-2-(1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ureidobenzylidene)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-((4-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl)acetamide (069),

(Z)-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)acetamide (096),

(Z)-N-((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (097),

(Z)-2-(1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-sulfamoylbenzylidene)-5-fluoro-2-methyl- 1H-inden-3-yl)-N-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)acetamide (098),

(Z)-4-((5-fluoro-3-(2-((furan-2-ylmethyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-ylidene)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)carbamate (099), and

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-mercapto-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)acetamide (100).

11. A compound, an E-isomer thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from:

(Z)—N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (001),

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-formoxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide ( 002 ),

(Z)—N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (006),

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (007),

(Z)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (008),

(Z)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (012),

(Z)-2-(1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (013),

(Z)-2-(1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (014),

(Z)-2-(1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (016),

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-1((7-hydroxybenzo[d][1,3]dioxo1-5-yl)methylene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (017),

(Z)—N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (020),

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (021),

(Z)-N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(furan-2-ylmethylene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (026),

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-mesyloxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (029), and

(Z)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(1-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (095).

12. A compound, an E-isomer thereof, a prodrug thereof,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is:

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-formoxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (002).

13. A compound, an E-isomer thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is:

(Z)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (006).

14. A compound, an E-isomer thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is:

(Z)-2-(5-fluoro-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybcnzylidene)-2-methyl-1H -inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (007).

15. A compound, an E-isomer thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is:

(Z)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)acetamide (012).

16. A compound, an E-isomer thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is:

(Z)-2-(1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-5-methoxy-2-methyl -1H-inden-3-yl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (013).

17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 10 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, optionally including at least one therapeutic agent which is not a compound of claim 6 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 11 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, optionally including a therapeutic agent which is not a compound of claim 11 , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.