Safety device for a photovoltaic system
The disclosure relates to a safety device for a photovoltaic system for feeding into a power supply system, that includes at least one input for connection to a PV generator, at least one output for connection to an inverter, and a switching element for de-energizing the at least one output. The safety device includes an evaluating unit configured to switch the switching element based on a low-frequency signal at the at least one output. The disclosure also relates to a method for operating such a safety device.
1. A safety device for a photovoltaic system for feeding into a power supply system, the safety device comprising:
at least one input for connection to a PV generator;
at least one output for connection to an inverter;
a switching element for de-energizing the at least one output; and
an evaluating unit configured to switch the switching element based on a low-frequency signal present at the at least one output, wherein the low-frequency signal comprises a frequency which corresponds at least to one and at most to 10-times a system frequency in the power supply system, and wherein the low frequency signal is provided inherently by a measurement circuit of the inverter when the inverter is connected to the safety device without the low-frequency signal being generated by a dedicated signal generator, wherein the measurement circuit is used to determine parameters of a system voltage that are of relevance to a synchronization of the inverter to a grid.
2. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the evaluating unit is configured to measure the low-frequency signal as a voltage signal.
3. The safety device as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising a terminal for connection to an earth potential, wherein the evaluating unit is configured to determine the voltage signal between the at least one output and the earth potential.
4. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the evaluating unit is configured to measure the low-frequency signal as a current signal.
5. The safety device as claimed in claim 4 , further comprising a current measuring device connected to the evaluating unit, wherein the evaluating is configured to determine a current flowing via the at least one output as current signal.
6. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the low-frequency signal comprises a frequency which corresponds to an integral multiple of the system frequency in the power supply system.
7. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a band-pass filter coupled between the evaluating unit and an output of the at least one output.
8. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising an amplifier configured to amplify the low-frequency signal.
9. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the safety device is configured to connect the at least one input to the at least one output at a signal level above a first threshold value.
10. The safety device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the safety device is configured to de-energize the at least one output at a signal level below a second threshold value.
11. The safety device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the second threshold value is less than the first threshold value.
12. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a de-energizing of the at least one output takes place via a short circuit of the inputs of the safety device.
13. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a de-energizing of the at least one output takes place via a separating of the connection of the at least one input and the at least one output.
14. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the switching element comprises means for extinguishing an arc.
15. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a central detection unit with the evaluating unit and at least one switching unit with the switching element, wherein the central detection unit and the at least one switching unit reside in separate housings.
16. A method for operating a safety device for a photovoltaic system for feeding into a power supply system, the safety device comprising at least one input for connection to a PV generator and at least one output for connection to an inverter, and comprising a switching element for de-energizing the at least one output, comprising:
determining a level of a low-frequency signal at the at least one output, wherein the low-frequency signal comprises a frequency which corresponds at least to one and at most to 10-times a system frequency in the power supply system, and wherein the low frequency signal is provided inherently by a measurement circuit of the inverter when the inverter is connected to the safety device without the low-frequency signal being generated by a dedicated signal generator, and wherein the measurement circuit is used to determine parameters of a system voltage that are of relevance to a synchronization of the inverter to a grid;
connecting the at least one output to the at least one input, if the level of the low-frequency signal is above a first threshold value; and
de-energizing the at least one output if the level of the low-frequency signal is below a second threshold value.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the level of the low-frequency signal is determined at a frequency which corresponds to an integral multiple of a system frequency in the power supply system.
18. The safety device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the low-frequency signal comprises a frequency which corresponds to either one or 3-times the system frequency in the power supply system.