Methods and compositions for protection of cells and tissues from computed tomography radiation
Described are methods for preventing or inhibiting genomic instability and in cells affected by diagnostic radiology procedures employing ionizing radiation. Embodiments include methods of preventing or inhibiting genomic instability and in cells affected by computed tomography (CT) radiation. Subjects receiving ionizing radiation may be those persons suspected of having cancer, or cancer patients having received or currently receiving cancer therapy, and or those patients having received previous ionizing radiation, including those who are approaching or have exceeded the recommended total radiation dose for a person.
1. A method of inhibiting genomic instability in a subject caused by and occurring within a 24 hour period after exposure to 1-25 cGy computed tomography (CT) scan radiation, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective dose of a phosphorothioate compound prior to and following exposure to the CT scan radiation; wherein the phosphorothioate compound is selected from amifostine and WR-1065 or salt thereof, and wherein the phosphorothioate is administered prior and within 30 min after exposure to the CT scan radiation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate is administered within 5 hours prior to exposure to the CT scan radiation.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate is administered at least 3 hours prior to exposure to the CT scan radiation.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate is amifostine.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein inhibiting genomic instability is reducing micronuclei formation, γ-H2AX formation, chromosome translocation frequency, HPRT mutant frequency, and hyper-recombination.
6. A method of inhibiting genomic instability in a subject caused by and occurring within a 24 hour period after exposure to 1-25 cGy computed tomography (CT) scan radiation, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective dose of a phosphorothioate compound prior to and following exposure to the CT scan radiation; wherein the phosphorothioate compound is selected from amifostine and WR-1065 or salt thereof, and wherein the effective dose of a phosphorothioate compound is administered within 3 hours of exposure to the CT scan radiation.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the dose provides a blood level of 1 μM to 150 μM.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein inhibiting genomic instability is reducing micronuclei formation, γ-H2AX formation, chromosome translocation frequency, HPRT mutant frequency, and hyper-recombination; wherein the micronuclei formation, γ-H2AX formation, chromosome translocation frequency, HPRT mutant frequency, or hyper-recombination is reduced compared to subjects not administered the phosphorothioate.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the phosphorothioate is administered prior to exposure to the CT scan radiation.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the phosphorothioate is administered up to one hour following exposure to the CT scan radiation.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the subject has been determined to have cancer.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the subject has had 1, 2 or 3 previous CT scans.
13. The method of claim 6 , further comprising administering to the subject a second compound selected from resveratrol, vitamin E, selenium and catalase.
14. The method of claim 6 , further comprising diagnosing cancer in the subject using the computed tomography (CT) scan.
15. The method of claim 6 , wherein the phosphorothioate is amifostine.
16. The method of claim 6 , wherein inhibiting genomic instability is reducing micronuclei formation.
17. The method of claim 6 , wherein inhibiting genomic instability is reducing hyper-recombination.
18. The method of claim 6 , wherein inhibiting genomic instability is reducing γ-H2AX formation.
19. A method of inhibiting genomic instability in a subject caused by and occurring within a 24 hour period after exposure to 1-25 cGy computed tomography (CT) scan radiation, the method comprising:
treating the subject with an anti-cancer therapy and
administering to the subject an effective dose of a phosphorothioate compound prior to and following exposure to the CT scan radiation; wherein the phosphorothioate compound is selected from amifostine and WR-1065 or salt thereof.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the phosphorothioate is amifostine.