Rebar hybrid materials and methods of making the same
In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of forming a reinforcing material by: (1) depositing a first material onto a catalyst surface; and (2) forming a second material on the catalyst surface, where the second material is derived from and associated with the first material. In some embodiments, the first material includes, without limitation, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbons, boron nitride nanotubes, chalcogenide nanotubes, carbon onions, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the formed second material includes, without limitation, graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, chalcogenides, and combinations thereof. In additional embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure also include a step of separating the formed reinforcing material from the catalyst surface, and transferring the separated reinforcing material onto a substrate without the use of polymers. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to reinforcing materials formed by the aforementioned methods.
1. A reinforcing material comprising:
a first material,
wherein the first material comprises chalcogenide nanotubes, wherein the chalcogenide nanotubes are selected from the group consisting of metal chalcogenide nanotubes, metal monochalcogenide nanotubes, metal dichalcogenide nanotubes, metal trichalcogenide nanotubes, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanotubes, molybdenum trisulfide (MoS3) nanotubes, titanium diselenide (TiSe2) nanotubes, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) nanotubes, tungsten diselenide (WSe2) nanotubes, tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes, niobium triselenide (NbSe3) nanotubes, and combinations thereof; and
a second material,
wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, chalcogenides, metal chalcogenides, and combinations thereof,
wherein the second material has a flat structure, and
wherein the reinforcing material comprises one or more regions where the second material and the first material are merged seamlessly with one another through covalent bonds.
2. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the second material is in-plane with the first material.
3. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises an interconnected network on a surface of the second material.
4. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the first material is randomly oriented on a surface of the second material.
5. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises an orientation on a surface of the second material, wherein the orientation is selected from the group consisting of lines, crossbars, crosshatches, angled orientations, circular orientations, spiral orientations, spotted orientations, and combinations thereof.
6. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the second material is graphene, wherein the graphene is selected from the group consisting of fluorographene, graphene oxide, functionalized graphene, monolayer graphene, bilayer graphene, multilayer graphene, polycrystalline graphene, pristine graphene, single-crystal graphene, and combinations thereof.
7. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing material is free-standing.
8. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing material has a two-dimensional structure.
9. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing material is transparent.
10. The reinforcing material of claim 9 , wherein the reinforcing material has a transparency of at least about 95% at a wavelength of 550 nm.
11. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing material has a resistance of at least about 10Ω/square.
12. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing material has a resistance of at least about 500Ω/square.
13. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing material has ambipolar activity.
14. The reinforcing material of claim 13 , wherein the reinforcing material has carrier mobilities ranging from about 1500 cm 2 V −1 s −1 to about 2200 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at a carrier density of 5×10 12 cm 2 .
15. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing material is utilized as a component of a transparent electrode.
16. The reinforcing material of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing material is utilized as a component of a field effect transistor.
17. A reinforcing material comprising:
a first material,
wherein the first material comprises chalcogenide nanotubes, and
a second material,
wherein the second material comprises chalcogenides,
wherein the second material has a flat structure, and
wherein the reinforcing material comprises one or more regions where the second material and the first material are merged seamlessly with one another through covalent bonds.