Floor covering with universal backing and methods of making and recycling
A dimensionally stable universal floor covering includes a tufted textile having stitches and a reinforcement layer operatively connected to the stitches to provide dimensional stability for the entire floor covering. The reinforcement layer is made of fibers that are initially contained within a composition of adhesive and fibers. Mixing of the adhesive/fibers composition and/or injection of compressed air, assists in preparing the adhesive and fiber composition to be in the preferred condition and position prior to the forming of the reinforcement layer. Multiple sources of pressure, including vacuum, are applied in a controlled manner for moving the adhesive and fiber composition to form a reinforcement layer of fibers that is operatively connected to the stitches and/or to form a layer of fibers and adhesive that is contained within the stitches. The universal floor covering is selectively cut and transported in a roll for installation, and it can be conveniently recycled if necessary.
1. A method of manufacturing a universal floor covering which can be used as either a broadloom or modular floor covering, the method comprising the steps of:
manufacturing either a broadloom or modular floor covering from a group of components including a tufted textile substrate having a primary backing substrate extending in a first direction and a plurality of yarns tufted through the primary backing substrate, the primary backing substrate having a face side and a back side opposite the face side, a portion of each yarn forming a stitch portion having an end that is located on the back side of the primary backing substrate, and spaces existing between the stitch portions;
said group of components further including a composition pool having a mixture of adhesive and reinforcement fibers;
moving the tufted textile substrate relative to an applicator and providing space between the stitch portions of the yarns and the applicator;
applying pressure in a second direction against the reinforcement fibers and adhesive using a pressure controller, separating and dispersing the fibers with the pressure controller, and contemporaneously or simultaneously moving the mixture of adhesive and dispersed fibers into the space between the applicator and stitch portions and also into the spaces between the stitch portions, and forming a layer of adhesive and fibers in the spaces between the stitch portions when the adhesive and dispersed fibers are moved into the space between the applicator and stitch portions;
applying controlled pressure on the applicator in a third direction to align the fibers to lay predominantly in the first direction and forming a reinforcement layer of fibers that is substantially parallel to the first direction and capturing the layer of fibers and adhesive in the spaces between the stitch portions; and
curing the universal floor covering.
2. The method of manufacturing a floor covering according to claim 1 further comprising applying a vortex like force from the applicator to the fibers and adhesive in addition to the pressure from the pressure controller wherein the vortex force assists in aligning the fibers and assists in moving the adhesive and fibers toward the backing substrate.
3. The method of manufacturing a floor covering according to claim 1 further comprising injecting air into the pool of adhesive and reinforcement fibers wherein the injection of air provides frothing of the adhesive and the injection of air provides assistance in the desired distribution of the fibers.
4. The method of manufacturing a floor covering according to claim 1 further comprising applying an adjustable pressure to the fibers and adhesive, in addition to the pressure from the pressure controller, wherein the adjustable pressure assists in aligning the fibers and assists in moving the adhesive and fibers toward the backing substrate.
5. The method of manufacturing a floor covering according to claim 1 wherein the pressure controller comprises at least one rotatable blade member having a blade thickness that is less than the length of the reinforcement fibers.
6. The method of manufacturing a floor covering according to claim 1 further comprising forming a cushion or friction layer of material that engages the reinforcement layer of fibers.
7. The method of manufacturing a floor covering according to claim 6 further comprising forcing a portion of the cushion or friction material into the reinforcement layer of fibers when forming the cushion or friction layer of material that engages the reinforcement layer of fibers.
8. A method of manufacturing a universal floor covering which can be used as either a broadloom or modular floor covering, the method comprising the steps of:
manufacturing either a broadloom or modular floor covering from a group of components including a tufted textile substrate having a primary backing substrate extending in a first direction and a plurality of yarns tufted through the primary backing substrate, the primary backing substrate having a face side and a back side opposite the face side, a portion of each yarn forming a stitch portion having an end that is located on the back side of the primary backing substrate, and spaces existing between the stitch portions;
said group of components further including a composition pool having a mixture of adhesive and reinforcement fibers;
moving the tufted textile substrate relative to an applicator and initially providing space between the stitch portions of the yarns and the applicator;
applying pressure in a second direction against the reinforcement fibers and adhesive using a pressure controller, separating and dispersing the fibers with the pressure controller, and contemporaneously or simultaneously moving the mixture of adhesive and dispersed fibers into the space between the applicator and stitch portions and also into the spaces between the stitch portions, and forming a layer of adhesive and fibers in the spaces between the stitch portions when the adhesive and dispersed fibers are moved into the space between the applicator and stitch portions;
applying controlled pressure on the applicator for moving the applicator toward the stitch portions and capturing the layer of fibers and adhesive in the spaces between the stitch portions; and
curing the universal floor covering.
9. The method of manufacturing a floor covering according to claim 8 further comprising forming a cushion or friction layer of material that engages the layer of adhesive and fibers that is in the spaces between the stitch portions.