PEG-assisted deposition of crack-free titania nanocrystalline coatings over Al flakes
A process of forming a multi-layered pigment includes the steps of: providing a metal core material; dispersing the metal core material in a first solvent and organic binder mixture; depositing a high refractive index material onto the metal core material; drying the deposited high refractive index and metal core material wherein the high refractive index layer is uniform and crack-free.
1. A process of forming a multi-layered pigment comprising the steps of:
providing a metal core material wherein the metal core material is Al coated with SiO2;
dispersing the metal core material in a first solvent and organic binder mixture wherein the organic binder is present in an amount of from 0.5% to 10% by weight in relation to the core metal particle and first solvent;
depositing a high refractive index material onto the metal core material;
drying the deposited high refractive index and metal core material;
wherein the high refractive index layer has a thickness of from 50-200 nm and the high refractive index layer is uniform and crack-free.
2. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 1 wherein the high refractive index layer includes TiO 2 .
3. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 1 wherein the first solvent includes ethanol.
4. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 1 wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic and non-ionic binders.
5. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 1 wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of: ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), sodium lauroyl sarcosinate cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), Cocamidopropyl betaine, Polyethylene glycol; Polyoxypropylene glycol alkyl ethers; Polyoxyethylene glycol, alkylphenol ethers (Triton X-100); Polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan alkyl esters; Block copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; Glycerol alkyl esters; Glucoside alkyl ethers.
6. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 1 wherein the high refractive precursor includes tetraethyl orthotitanate (TEOT).
7. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 1 wherein the depositing step includes dissolving a high refractive material precursor in a second solvent and adding the dissolved metal precursor and water to the dispersed core material in the first solvent and organic binder mixture.
8. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 7 wherein the second solvent includes ethanol.
9. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 1 further including the step of sintering the material after the drying step removing the organic binder.
10. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 9 wherein the sintering step is at a temperature of less than or equal to 400° C. for a specified time.
11. The process of forming the multi-layered pigment of claim 1 wherein the step of depositing further includes the step of washing and filtering the metal core material.
12. A process of forming a multi-layered pigment comprising the steps of:
providing a metal core material wherein the metal core material is Al coated with SiO2;
dispersing the metal core material in a first solvent and organic binder mixture wherein the organic binder is present in an amount of from 0.5% to 10% by weight in relation to the core metal particle and first solvent;
depositing a high refractive index material onto the metal core material;
drying the deposited high refractive index and metal core material;
wherein the high refractive index layer has a thickness of greater than 120 nm and the high refractive index layer is uniform and crack-free.