Integrated quantum-random noise generator using quantum vacuum states of light
An integrated quantum random noise source includes a substrate, an optical oscillator that may be integral to the substrate coupled by an optical waveguide to an optical directional coupler. The optical directional coupler has two outputs that are coupled by optical waveguides to a pair of photodetectors that are part of a balanced photodetector. The balanced photodetector in response outputs an analog signal proportional to the difference in photocurrents of the two photodetectors. The analog output signal from the balanced photodetector is a random Gaussian-distributed signal representative of quadrature measurements on the quantum vacuum state of light. The random noise source can be coupled other apparatus to provide a source of random bits.
1. An integrated quantum random noise source coupled to an optical oscillator for emitting light, the integrated quantum random noise source comprising:
a substrate;
a coupling waveguide formed on the substrate to couple the light from the optical oscillator;
an optical direction coupler formed on the substrate, the optical directional coupler having a single input and two outputs for receiving the light from the input waveguide and dividing the light from the input waveguide into a first output and a second output;
a first waveguide formed on the substrate to receive the first output of the optical direction coupler;
a second waveguide formed on the substrate to receive the second output of the optical direction coupler;
a first photodetector integral to the substrate and coupled to the first waveguide for receiving the light from the first output of the optical direction coupler;
a second photodetector integral to the substrate and coupled to the second waveguide for receiving the light from the second output of the optical direction coupler; and wherein
the first and the second photodetectors are in a balanced configuration with each other and function to provide an analogue output signal proportional the difference of the photocurrents output from the first and second photodetectors, the analogue output signal comprising a random signal.
2. An integrated quantum random noise source as in claim 1 wherein:
the first photodetector provides a first photocurrent output signal;
the second photodetector provides a second photocurrent output signal; and
the analogue output signal comprises a random Gaussian-distributed (RG) signal proportional to the difference of the first photocurrent output signal and the second photocurrent output signal.
3. An integrated quantum random noise source as in claim 2 wherein the analogue output signal is representative of quadrature measurements on the quantum vacuum state of light.
4. An integrated quantum random noise source as in claim 2 further comprising apparatus coupled to receive the RG signal and convert it to a voltage signal.
5. An integrated quantum random noise source as in claim 4 wherein the apparatus comprises an amplifier.
6. An integrated quantum random number source as in claim 1 wherein the optical oscillator comprises a laser not mounted on the substrate.
7. An integrated quantum random number source as in claim 1 wherein the optical oscillator comprises a semiconductor laser on the substrate.
8. An integrated quantum random number source as in claim 1 wherein the optical oscillator comprises a semiconductor laser.
9. An integrated quantum random number source as in claim 8 wherein the semiconductor laser comprises a hybrid-integrated group III-V semiconductor laser.
10. An integrated quantum random number source as in claim 9 wherein the semiconductor laser further comprises a distributed feedback silicon evanescent laser.
11. A random bit generator comprising an integrated quantum random noise source as in claim 1 .