Metal halide scintillators with reduced hygroscopicity and method of making the same
The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a scintillator material made of a metal halide with one or more additional group-13 elements. An example of such a compound is Ce:LaBr 3 with thallium (Tl) added, either as a codopant or in a stoichiometric admixture and/or solid solution between LaBr 3 and TlBr. In another arrangement, the above single crystalline iodide scintillator material can be made by first synthesizing a compound of the above composition and then forming a single crystal from the synthesized compound by, for example, the Vertical Gradient Freeze method. Applications of the scintillator materials include radiation detectors and their use in medical and security imaging.
1. The scintillator material, comprising a composition of one of the following formulas:
A′ (1-x) B′ x Ca (1-y) Eu y C′ 3 (1),
A′ 3(1-x) B′ 3x M′Br 6(1-y) Cl 6y (2),
A′ (1-x) B′ x M′ 2 Br 7(1-y) Cl 7y (3),
A′ (1-x) B′ x M″ 1-y Eu y I 3 (4),
A′ 3(1-x) B′ 3x M″ 1-y Eu y I 5 (5),
A′ (1-x) B′ x M″ 2(1-y) Eu 2y I 5 (6),
A′ 3(1-x) B′ 3x M′Cl 6 (7),
A′ (1-x) B′ x M′ 2 Cl 7 (8), and
M′ (1-x) B′ x C′ 3 (9),
where:
A′=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof,
B′is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, Tl or any combination thereof,
C′═Cl, Br, I or any combination thereof,
M′ consist of Ce, Sc, V, La, Lu, Gd, Pr, Tb, Yb, Nd or any combination of them,
M″ consists of Sr, Ca, Ba or any combination of thereof,
x is in the range: 0<x<1, and
y is in the range: 0<y<1.
2. The scintillator material of claim 1 , wherein B′ comprises thallium (Tl).
3. A scintillator material, comprising: a metal halide; a first rare-earth element; and a group-13 element, wherein the group-13 element comprises thallium (Tl).