Estrogen receptor beta agonists for use in treating mesothelioma
The invention provides a treatment of mesothelioma, especially malignant pleural mesothelioma, using an estrogen receptor β subtype (ERβ) agonist, wherein the treatment comprises administering the ERβ agonist to the patient, and then after a time, t, of up to 24 hours; administering a platinum-containing anti-cancer drug to the patient. The invention also provides an ERβ agonist and a platinum-containing anti-cancer drug for use in the treatment of mesothelioma in a patient, wherein the treatment comprises administering the ERβ agonist to the patient, and then after a time, t, of up to 24 hours, administering the platinum-containing anti-cancer drug to the patient; and a kit comprising a platinum-containing anti-cancer drug and an ERβ agonist.
1. A kit comprising a platinum-containing anti-cancer drug and an ERβ agonist.
2. A kit comprising a platinum-containing anti-cancer drug and an ERβ agonist as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ERβ agonist is a compound having the formula:
or a salt or an ester thereof, and
the platinum-containing anti-cancer drug is cisplatin.
3. A kit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ERβ agonist is a compound of formula (III) or a salt or an ester thereof,
wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, OR A , N(R B ) 2 , —C(O)C 1-4 alkyl, —SO 2 C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl, trihaloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 2-6 alkenyl, dihaloC 2-6 alkenyl, trihaloC 2-6 alkenyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-6 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, and 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein said phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclyl group can be either unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents, each substituent being selected from the group consisting of OR A , halogen, cyano, nitro, —C(O)C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl and trihaloC 1-6 alkyl;
R 2 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, OR A , N(R B ) 2 , N(OH) 2 , —C(O)C 1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 halogens, —SO 2 C 1-4 alkyl, —C(O)NH—OH, —C(NH 2 )═N—OH, —C(CO 2 H)═N—OH, —C(NH 2 )═NH, —C(NH C 1-4 alkyl)═NH, —C(O—C 1-4 alkyl)═NH, —C(NH 2 )═N—NH 2 , —NH—C(NH 2 )═NH, —NH—C(O)NH 2 , —N═C(—NH—CH 2 CH 2 —NH—), —S—CN, —S—C(NH 2 )═NH, —S—C(NH 2 )═N—OH, —CO 2 H, —CH 2 —CO 2 H, —CH(OH)CO 2 H, —C(O)CO 2 H, SO 3 H, CH 2 SO 3 H, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl, trihaloC 1-6 alkyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-6 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl and 5-10 membered heterocyclyl wherein said phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclyl group can be either unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each substituent being selected from the group consisting of OR A , halogen, cyano, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl and trihaloC 1-6 alkyl; provided that if one of R 1 and R 2 represents halogen, the other must represent a group other than halogen;
each of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, OR A , halogen, cyano, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl and trihaloC 1-6 alkyl;
each R A is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-6 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl and C 6-10 arylC 1-6 alkyl, each optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 halogen atoms; and
each R B is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-6 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl and C 6-10 arylC 1-6 alkyl, each optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 halogen atoms;
with the proviso that the compound of formula (III) is not
4-[3-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-indol-1-yl]-phenol;
1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(4-methyl-imidazol-1-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile;
1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile;
1-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile;
1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-prop-1-ynyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid amide; or
1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-thiazol-2-yl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid.
4. A kit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the platinum-containing anti-cancer drug is cisplatin or carboplatin.
5. A method for the treatment of mesothelioma in a patient, comprising
a) administering an ERβ agonist to the patient, and then after a time, t, of up to 24 hours,
b) administering a platinum-containing anti-cancer drug to the patient.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the platinum-containing anti-cancer drug is cisplatin.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the ERβ agonist is a compound of formula (III) or a salt or an ester thereof,
wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, OR A , N(R B ) 2 , —C(O)C 1-4 alkyl, —SO 2 C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl, trihaloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 2-6 alkenyl, dihaloC 2-6 alkenyl, trihaloC 2-6 alkenyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-6 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, and 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein said phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclyl group can be either unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents, each substituent being selected from the group consisting of OR A , halogen, cyano, nitro, —C(O)C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl and trihaloC 1-6 alkyl;
R 2 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, OR A , N(R B ) 2 , N(OH) 2 , —C(O)C 1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 halogens, —SO 2 C 1-4 alkyl, —C(O)NH—OH, —C(NH 2 )═N—OH, —C(CO 2 H)═N—OH, —C(NH 2 )═NH, —C(NH C 1-4 alkyl)═NH, —C(O—C 1-4 alkyl)═NH, —C(NH 2 )═N—NH 2 , —NH—C(NH 2 )═NH, —NH—C(O)NH 2 , —N═C(—NH—CH 2 CH 2 —NH—), —S—CN, —S—C(NH 2 )═NH, —S—C(NH 2 )═N—OH, —CO 2 H, —CH 2 —CO 2 H, —CH(OH)CO 2 H, —C(O)CO 2 H, SO 3 H, CH 2 SO 3 H, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl, trihaloC 1-6 alkyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-6 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl and 5-10 membered heterocyclyl wherein said phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclyl group can be either unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each substituent being selected from the group consisting of OR A , halogen, cyano, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl and trihaloC 1-6 alkyl; provided that if one of R 1 and R 2 represents halogen, the other must represent a group other than halogen;
each of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, OR A , halogen, cyano, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, dihaloC 1-6 alkyl and trihaloC 1-6 alkyl;
each R A is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-6 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl and C 6-10 arylC 1-6 alkyl, each optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 halogen atoms; and
each R B is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-6 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl and C 6-10 arylC 1-6 alkyl, each optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 halogen atoms;
with the proviso that the compound of formula (III) is not
4-[3-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-indol-1-yl]-phenol;
1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(4-methyl-imidazol-1-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile;
1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile;
1-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile;
1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-prop-1-ynyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid amide; or
1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-thiazol-2-yl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the ERβ agonist is a compound having the formula:
or a salt or an ester thereof.
9. The method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the mesothelioma is malignant pleural mesothelioma.
10. The method as claimed in claim 5 , further comprising administering a further chemotherapeutic drug.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the further chemotherapeutic drug is pemetrexed.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the pemetrexed is administered after administration of the ERβ agonist.
13. The method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein t is up to about 8 hours.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the ERβ agonist is greater than 200 times selective for the estrogen receptor β-subtype over the estrogen receptor α-subtype.
15. A method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the platinum-containing anti-cancer drug is cisplatin.
16. A method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the platinum-containing anti-cancer drug is cisplatin.
17. A method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the pemetrexed is administered after administration of the ERβ agonist and before administration of the platinum-containing anti-cancer drug.
18. A method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein t is up to 4 hours.