System and method for islanding detection and prevention in distributed generation
Various examples are directed to systems and methods for detecting an islanding condition at an inverter configured to couple a distributed generation system to an electrical grid network. A controller may determine a command frequency and a command frequency variation. The controller may determine that the command frequency variation indicates a potential islanding condition and send to the inverter an instruction to disconnect the distributed generation system from the electrical grid network. When the distributed generation system is disconnected from the electrical grid network, the controller may determine whether the grid network is valid.
1. A system for detecting an islanding condition at a distributed generation system, the system comprising:
a distributed generation system comprising at least one photovoltaic system;
an inverter electrically coupled to the distributed generation system to connect the distributed generation system to an electrical grid network;
a controller in communication with the inverter, wherein the controller comprises at least one processor and is programmed to:
periodically sample a grid frequency of the electrical grid network;
filter a first sample of the grid frequency to determine a filtered grid frequency for the first sample;
determine a command frequency for the first sample by summing:
a filtered grid frequency for the first sample; and
a value proportional to a difference between the filtered grid frequency for the first sample and the grid frequency for the first sample;
send the command frequency for the first sample to the inverter;
determine a difference between the command frequency for the first sample and a command frequency for a second sample immediately preceding the first sample to generate a command frequency variation;
determine that the command frequency variation has been within a locking frequency band for more than a threshold time period, wherein the threshold time period is less than two seconds;
instruct the inverter to disconnect the distributed generation system from the electrical grid network;
determine that the electrical grid network at the inverter is not disconnected from a main power system; and
instruct the inverter to re-connect the distributed generation system to the electrical grid network.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further programmed to execute over frequency protection/under frequency protection (OFP/UFP) by:
determining that the command frequency for the first sample is outside of a threshold frequency range for the grid network; and
instructing the inverter to disconnect the distributed generation system from the electrical grid network.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further programmed to:
periodically sample a phase of a signal at a point of common coupling (PCC) between the inverter and the electrical grid network; and
determine that the phase has been within a locking phase band for more than a second threshold time period, wherein the second threshold time period is less than two seconds.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the controller is programmed to determine that the phase has been within the locking phase band for more than the second threshold time period before instructing the inverter to disconnect the distributed generation system from the electrical grid network.