AC-DC power converter
View Patent ↗An AC-DC power converter is composed of AC input, a first rectifying circuit, a second rectifying circuit, a DC-DC converter and a DC output. The DC-DC converter has a DC input. The first rectifying circuit and the second rectifying circuit are connected in parallel between the AC input and the DC input of the DC-DC converter. At least one of the rectifying circuits comprises a phase shifting element that provides a phase shift at the AC line frequency.
1. An AC-DC power converter, comprising:
an AC line input;
a galvanically-isolating DC-DC converter having an operating frequency range greater than AC line frequency, the DC-DC converter comprising a DC input;
a first rectifying circuit and a second rectifying circuit connected in parallel between the AC line input and the input of the DC-DC converter; and
a phase shifting element connected between one input of the second rectifying circuit and one input of the first rectifying circuit, wherein the phase shifting element provides a phase shift at the AC line frequency.
2. The AC-DC power converter of claim 1 , in which the DC-DC converter additionally comprises a DC output, and an inverter, an isolating transformer, a rectifier and a filter capacitor connected in series between the DC input and the DC output.
3. The AC-DC power converter of claim 2 , in which the DC-DC converter operates at a frequency two or more orders of magnitude greater than the AC line frequency.
4. The AC-DC power converter of claim 2 , in which the isolating transformer is an acoustically-coupled transformer.
5. The AC-DC power converter of claim 2 , in which the isolating transformer comprises a resonant structure having at least one mechanical resonance in the operating frequency range, the resonant structure comprising:
an insulating substrate comprising opposed surfaces; and
a first electro-acoustic transducer and a second electro-acoustic transducer each mechanically coupled to a respective one of the opposed surfaces of the substrate, the first electro-acoustic transducers operable to convert input electrical power received from the inverter to acoustic energy that excites mechanical vibration in the resonant structure, the second electro-acoustic transducer converting the mechanical vibration to output electrical power.
6. The AC-DC power converter of claim 5 , in which the first electro-acoustic transducer comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a piezoelectric element between the electrodes.
7. The AC-DC power converter of claim 2 , in which: the inverter comprises a frequency control input; and the DC-to-DC converter additionally comprises a feedback loop connected between the DC output and the frequency control input of the inverter, the feedback loop comprising an additional isolating transformer.
8. The AC-DC power converter of claim 1 , in which the second rectifying circuit comprises a rectifier and an inductor connected in series, the inductor constituting the phase shifting element.
9. The AC-DC power converter of claim 8 , in which the first rectifying circuit comprises a rectifier and a capacitor connected in series, the capacitor constituting the phase shifting element.
10. The AC-DC power converter of claim 1 , in which the second rectifying circuit comprises a rectifier and a capacitor connected in series, the capacitor constituting the phase shifting element.
11. The AC-DC power converter of claim 1 , in which the phase shifting element provides a phase shift of at least three degrees.
12. The AC-DC power converter of claim 1 , in which the phase shifting element provides a phase shift of at least six degrees.
13. The AC-DC power converter of claim 1 , additionally comprising a filter capacitor connected in parallel with the DC input of the DC-DC converter.
14. The AC-DC power converter of claim 1 , in which: the DC-DC converter has a minimum input voltage; the first rectifying circuit and the second rectifying circuit collectively supply raw DC to the DC input of the DC-DC converter; and the phase shifting element provides a phase shift sufficient to prevent the raw DC collectively supplied by the first rectifying circuit and the second rectifying circuit from falling in voltage below the minimum input voltage.
15. An acoustically-coupled AC-DC power converter, comprising:
an AC line input; an inverter; a first rectifying circuit and a second rectifying circuit connected in parallel between the AC line input and the inverter;
a phase shifting element connected between one input of the second rectifying circuit and one input of the first rectifying circuit, and configured to provide providing a phase shift at AC line frequency;
a rectifying and filtering circuit; and
an acoustically-coupled transformer connected between the inverter and the rectifying and filtering circuit.
16. The acoustically-coupled AC-DC power converter of claim 15 , in which the second rectifying circuit comprises a rectifier and an inductor connected in series, the inductor constituting the phase shifting element.
17. The acoustically-coupled AC-DC power converter of claim 16 , in which the first rectifying circuit comprises a rectifier and a capacitor connected in series, the capacitor constituting the phase shifting element.
18. The acoustically-coupled AC-DC power converter of claim 15 , in which the second rectifying circuit comprises a rectifier and a capacitor connected in series, the capacitor constituting the phase shifting element.
19. The acoustically-coupled AC-DC power converter of claim 15 , additionally comprising a filter capacitor connected in parallel with the DC input of the DC-DC converter.
20. The acoustically-coupled AC-DC power converter of claim 15 , in which: the DC-DC converter has a minimum input voltage; the first rectifying circuit and the second rectifying circuit collectively supply raw DC to the DC input of the DC-DC converter; and the phase shifting element provides a phase shift sufficient to prevent the raw DC collectively supplied by the first rectifying circuit and the second rectifying circuit from falling in voltage below the minimum input voltage.