Method for mitigating cell degradation due to startup and shutdown via cathode re-circulation combined with electrical shorting of stack
A fuel cell system that employs a process for minimizing corrosion in the cathode side of a fuel cell stack in the system by combining cathode re-circulation and stack short-circuiting at system shut-down and start-up.
1. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell stack including an anode side and a cathode side;
a compressor for providing an air flow to the cathode side of the fuel cell stack;
a hydrogen source for providing hydrogen gas to the anode side of the fuel cell stack;
a first switch for connecting power from the stack to a primary load;
a second switch for connecting power from the stack to an auxiliary load;
a third switch for connecting power from the stack to a shorting resistor that dissipates stack output power;
a cross-over valve for providing the air flow from the compressor to the anode side of the stack;
a re-circulation line for re-circulating cathode exhaust gas to the cathode side of the stack;
a bleed valve for selectively bleeding hydrogen gas into the re-circulating line; and
a controller programmed to control the system at start-up and shut-down, wherein the controller opens the first switch and closes the second switch to disconnect the first primary load and couple an output of the stack to the auxiliary load when the stack output voltage is reduced to a first predetermined range, re-circulates the cathode exhaust gas through the re-circulation line, bleeds a predetermined concentration of hydrogen gas into the re-circulation line, and uses the cross-over valve to purge the anode side of the stack with air at shut-down, and wherein the controller re-circulates the cathode exhaust gas through the re-circulation line, bleeds hydrogen gas into the re-circulation line until the stack voltage decreases to a second predetermined range and closes the third switch to short-circuit the stack at start-up.
2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the first predetermined range is 0.2-0.8 volts.
3. The system according to claim 1 wherein the predetermined concentration of hydrogen is less than four percent.
4. The system according to claim 1 wherein the controller further bleeds a small amount of hydrogen gas into the anode side at shut-down so that the pressure within the anode side is maintained slightly above ambient pressure.
5. The system according to claim 1 wherein the controller closes the second switch to connect the stack to the auxiliary load and then closes the third switch to connect the shorting resistor to the stack at shut-down.
6. The system according to claim 1 wherein the controller closes the second switch and opens the third switch before closing the first switch at system start-up to connect the auxiliary load to the stack before the primary load.
7. The system according to claim 1 wherein the second predetermined range is less than 0.2 volts.
8. The system according to claim 1 wherein the system is on a vehicle.
9. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell stack including an anode side and a cathode side;
a compressor for providing an air flow to the cathode side of the fuel cell stack;
a hydrogen source for providing hydrogen gas to the anode side of the fuel cell stack;
a first switch for connecting power from the stack to a primary load;
a second switch for connecting power from the stack to a shorting resistor that dissipates stack output power;
a third switch for connecting power from the stack to an auxiliary load to disconnect the primary load but avoid an open circuit voltage at shut-down and to disconnect the shorting resistor before connecting the primary load at start-up;
a re-circulation line for re-circulating cathode exhaust gas to the cathode side of the stack;
a bleed valve for bleeding hydrogen gas into the re-circulation line; and
a controller programmed to control the system at start-up and shut-down, wherein the controller selectively closes the second switch and selectively bleeds hydrogen gas through the bleed valve into the re-circulation line to combine both a stack shorting process and a cathode re-circulation process to minimize cathode corrosion.
10. The system according to claim 9 wherein the controller bleeds a small amount of hydrogen gas into the anode side at shut-down so that the pressure within the anode side is maintained slightly above ambient pressure.