Fuel cell system including a two-position back-pressure valve
A fuel cell system that employs a two-position valve at the cathode exhaust gas output for controlling the pressure within the fuel cell stack to control the stack relative humidity. In one embodiment, the two-position valve is switchable between a fully open and a fully closed position, where the valve is opened when the fuel cell system is operating at a low operation temperature and the valve is closed when the fuel cell system is operating at a high operation temperature. A fixed restriction valve is provided in parallel with the two-position valve so that when the two-position valve is fully closed, the proper amount of pressure is provided at the cathode output. In another embodiment, the two-position valve employs sized leak paths so that when the two-position valve is in the closed position, the cathode exhaust gas can still flow through.
1. A fuel cell system comprising:
a compressor for generating a compressed air flow;
a fuel cell stack responsive to the compressed air flow and generating a cathode exhaust gas flow at a cathode output of the fuel cell stack;
a two-position discrete valve responsive to the cathode exhaust gas flow, said two-position valve having a first position for providing a low back-pressure at the cathode output and a second position for providing a high back-pressure at the cathode output;
a fixed restriction valve responsive to the cathode exhaust gas flow, said fixed restriction valve providing the high back-pressure when the two-position valve is in the second position; and
a controller, said controller switching the two-position valve between the first position and the second position in response to the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack so that the fuel cell stack has the proper relative humidity.
2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the controller opens the two-position discrete valve if the operating temperature of the stack is below a predetermined temperature and closes the two-position discrete valve if the operating temperature of the stack rises above the predetermined temperature.
3. The system according to claim 1 wherein the fixed restriction valve is a separate valve than the two-position valve and is in parallel with the two-position valve.
4. The system according to claim 1 wherein the fixed restriction valve is part of the two-position valve and includes leak paths through the two-position valve when the two-position is in the second position.
5. The system according to claim 1 wherein the controller prevents rapid switching of the two-position valve.
6. The system according to claim 1 wherein the two-position valve has a relatively slow transition time so as to prevent rapid switching of the valve.
7. The system according to claim 6 wherein the two-position valve has a 500 ms transition time.
8. The system according to claim 6 wherein the slow transition time is provided by one of a mechanical dash-pot or electrical control.
9. The system according to claim 1 wherein the fuel cell system is on a vehicle.
10. A fuel cell system comprising:
a compressor for generating a compressed air flow;
a fuel cell stack responsive to the compressed air flow and generating a cathode exhaust gas flow at a cathode output of the fuel cell stack;
a two-position discrete valve responsive to the cathode exhaust gas flow, said two-position valve having a first position for providing a low back-pressure at the cathode output and a second position for providing a high back-pressure at the cathode output, wherein the position of the discrete valve is determined by the temperature of the stack; and
a fixed restriction valve responsive to the cathode exhaust gas flow, said fixed restriction valve providing the high back-pressure when the two-position valve is in the second position.
11. The system according to claim 10 wherein the fixed restriction valve is a separate valve than the two-position valve and is in parallel with the two-position valve.
12. The system according to claim 10 wherein the fixed restriction valve is part of the two-position valve and includes leak paths through the two-position valve when the two-position is in the second position.
13. The system according to claim 10 wherein the system prevents rapid switching of the two-position valve.
14. The system according to claim 10 wherein the two-position valve has a relatively slow transition time so as to prevent rapid switching of the valve.
15. The system according to claim 14 wherein the two-position value has a 500 ms transition time.
16. The system according to claim 14 wherein the slow transition time is provided by one of a mechanical dash-pot or electrical control.
17. The system according to claim 10 wherein the fuel cell system is on a vehicle.