Separation-resistant pipe joint
A joint having a male joint member and female joint member, in which a raised stop on the male joint member is limited to displacement between a constriction on the female joint member and a locking ring segment, and in which the locking ring segment and constriction are separated by an unobstructed traverse region that allows the male joint member to slide axially when under stress without separation from the female joint member. The rounded shape of the groove that accommodates the locking ring segment acts like a universal joint, allowing deflection between the male and female joint members without separation. The female joint member flares on the inside of its distal region to accommodate such deflection. Thus the male and female joint members have a degree of axial and radial flexibility.
1. A separation-resistant pipe joint comprising a female joint member, said female joint member comprising:
(a) an inner surface;
(b) a circumferential groove on the inner surface to accommodate a locking ring segment, said circumferential groove having a shape consisting essentially of a frustum of an ellipsoid defined by two generally parallel planes each intersecting the ellipsoid such that the center of the ellipsoid is not between the two generally parallel planes;
(c) a constriction on the inner surface proximal to the circumferential groove, the constriction having a constriction diameter;
(d) an unobstructed traverse region between the groove and the constriction having a regional diameter that is greater than the constriction diameter, in which the female joint member is a pipe bell, in which the pipe bell is joined to a second pipe having a second pipe axial length, and in which the axial length of the traverse region is at least about 0.2% of the second pipe axial length; and
(e) an unobstructed reverse taper region proximal to the constriction, having a second regional diameter that is greater than or equal to the constriction diameter and which increases in the proximal direction.
2. The joint of claim 1 , comprising:
(a) a locking ring segment in the circumferential groove, the locking ring segment having a shape complementary to the shape of the groove; and
(b) a male joint member inserted into the female joint member, the male joint member comprising an outer surface and a raised stop on the outer surface positioned between the locking ring segment and the constriction, having a stop diameter greater than the constriction diameter and less than the regional diameter.
3. The joint of claim 2 , comprising a restraint fastened to the female joint member and the male joint member, the restraint positioned to maintain the relative positions of the male and female joint members such that the raised stop remains positioned between the locking ring segment and the constriction, and in which the restraint will fail when exposed to stress exceeding an axial stress threshold.
4. The joint of claim 3 , in which the stress threshold is less than 3 kN/mm times the diameter of the male joint member.
5. The joint of claim 2 , in which the ratio of the distance from the groove to the raised stop and the distance from the groove to the constriction is selected from: 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 100%, a range between any two of the foregoing values, or at least any of the foregoing values.
6. The joint of claim 2 , in which the ratio of the distance from the groove to the raised stop and the distance from the groove to the constriction is about 82%.
7. The joint of claim 2 , in which the locking ring segment defines a circumferential arc of about 90°.
8. The joint of claim 2 in which the female joint member comprises a notch that widens the mouth of the female joint member over an arc that is at least as large as the arc of the locking ring segment, for insertion of the locking ring segment into the groove.
9. The joint of claim 2 , in which the locking ring segment comprises a tab extending axially distally in regard to the female joint member.
10. The joint of claim 2 , in which the locking ring segment comprises a tab extending axially distally in regard to the female joint member, in which the arc of the locking ring segment extends beyond the point where the tab meets the arc.
11. The joint of claim 1 , in which the two generally parallel planes are a proximal plane and a distal plane, in which said planes are perpendicular to the axis of the female joint member, and in which the groove comprises a distal surface defined by the surface of the ellipsoid and a proximal surface defined by the proximal plane, and in which the distal surface and the proximal surface meet at a corner.
12. The joint of claim 11 , in which said corner is selected from the group consisting of: a rounded corner, a sharp corner, and a beveled corner.
13. The joint of claim 1 in which the female joint member comprises a notch that widens the mouth of the female joint member over an arc that is less than 180°.
14. The joint of claim 1 , in which the male joint member is a pipe end.
15. The joint of claim 1 , in which the male joint member is the spigot end of a pipe.
16. The joint of claim 1 , in which the female joint member is a pipe bell, and in which the pipe bell is joined to a second pipe.
17. The joint of claim 1 , in which the female joint member comprises a streamlined outer surface that increases in diameter in the distal direction, in which said increase in diameter does not exceed about 10° at any point.
18. The joint of claim 1 , in which the female joint member comprises a streamlined outer surface that increases in diameter in the distal direction, in which said increase in diameter is no more than about 6° at any point.
19. The joint of claim 1 , in which the female joint member comprises a streamlined outer surface that increases in diameter in the distal direction, in which said increase in diameter does not exceed about 10° between the point at which the pipe bell is joined to the second pipe and the groove.
20. The joint of claim 1 , in which the female joint member comprises a streamlined outer surface that increases in diameter in the distal direction, in which said increase in diameter does not exceed about 6° between the point at which the pipe bell is joined to the second pipe and the groove.
21. A method of assembling separation-resistant pipe joint, in which the pipe joint comprises a male pipe joint member and the female pipe joint member of claim 1 ; the male pipe joint member comprising a raised stop on its outer surface and having a stop diameter; the female pipe joint member comprising a notch that widens the mouth of the female joint member over an arc of less than 180°; the method comprising:
(a) inserting the male joint member into the female joint member to an extent that the raised stop passes the groove;
(b) inserting a locking ring segment into the notch, the locking ring segment having a shape complementary to the shape of the groove, and the locking ring segment defining a circumferential arc that is smaller than the arc of the notch; and
(c) sliding the locking ring segment into the groove so that most of the locking ring segment is no longer in the notch.
22. A failure resistant system for delivering a fluid through a pipe, the system comprising a plurality of the separation-resistant pipe joints of claim 1 .
23. The failure resistant system of claim 22 , comprising a plurality of restrained pipe joints, said restrained pipe joints each comprising a telescoping sleeve accommodating two pipe ends.
24. The system of claim 22 , comprising one of the plurality of separation-resistant pipe joints placed an average of about every 20′ (6.1 m) along a line of pipe.
25. The system of claim 22 , comprising one of the plurality of separation-resistant pipe joints placed about every 18′ (5.5 m) along a line of pipe.
26. The system of claim 22 , comprising a low-friction polymer layer surrounding the components of the system.