Actuator with powdered metal ball ramp and method of selective surface densification of powdered metal ball ramp
An actuator includes a first ball-ramp plate, a second ball-ramp plate, and a plurality of balls. The first ball-ramp plate is formed of compressed powdered metal with ramps having a higher density than at least part of a remainder of the ball-ramp component. A method of manufacturing the actuator includes compacting a metal powder to form a blank of the first ball-ramp plate including an annular body disposed about an axis and a plurality of ramps fixedly coupled to the annular body and spaced circumferentially about the axis, and locally densifying the ramps of the blank by applying force to a ramped surface of each ramp.
1. A method of manufacturing an actuator having a first ball-ramp ring, a second ball-ramp ring, and a plurality of balls disposed between the first ball-ramp ring and the second ball-ramp ring, the method comprising:
compacting a metal powder to form a compacted blank of the first ball-ramp ring, the compacted blank having an annular body, which is disposed about an axis, wherein a plurality of ball-ramp tracks are formed into the annular body and spaced circumferentially about the axis; and
locally densifying only portions of the compacted blank, wherein each of the locally densified portions includes a first contact surface defined by a corresponding one of the ball-ramp tracks, wherein locally densifying the portions of the compacted blank comprises:
placing a plurality of spherical bodies between the first contact surfaces and a press plate, each of the spherical bodies being received in a corresponding one of the ball-ramp tracks;
applying an axial force to at least one of the compacted blank and the press plate to press the spherical bodies against the first contact surfaces; and
rolling the spherical bodies along the first contact surfaces while applying the axial force.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein rolling the spherical bodies along the first contact surfaces includes rotating one of the compacted blank and the press plate about the axis relative to the other one of the compacted blank and the press plate while applying the axial force.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the spherical bodies are balls.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein locally densifying the portions of the compacted blank further comprises varying at least one of a magnitude of the axial force and an area on the compacted blank over which the axial force is distributed while rotating the one of the compacted blank and the press plate relative to the other one of the compacted blank and the press plate.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the locally densified portions of the compacted blank have a density of at least 7.4 grams per cubic cm.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein portion of the compacted blank other than the locally densified portions of the compacted blank have a density that is less than 7.4 grams per cubic cm.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the locally densified portions of the compacted blank have a density that is greater than or equal to 7.6 grams per cubic cm.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal powder contains less than 0.3% carbon by weight.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal powder comprises a sinter-hardening composition.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein compacting the metal powder to form the compacted blank is performed at a temperature that is below a temperature at which graphite reacts with iron but higher than a temperature at which iron particle sinter bonds develop.
11. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising heat treating the compacted blank after locally densifying the portions of the compacted blank.
12. A method of manufacturing an actuator having a first ball-ramp ring, a second ball-ramp ring, and a plurality of balls disposed between the first ball-ramp ring and the second ball-ramp ring, the method comprising:
compacting a powdered metal material to form a blank of the first ball-ramp ring, the blank having an annular body, which is disposed about an axis, wherein a plurality of ball-ramp tracks are formed into the annular body and spaced circumferentially about the axis;
providing a plurality of spherical bodies, each of the spherical bodies having a mating surface that is spherically shaped;
placing each of the plurality of spherical bodies between the first contact surfaces and a press plate, each of the mating surfaces being received in a corresponding one of the ball-ramp tracks;
transmitting an axial force through the bodies between the blank and the press plate to press the mating surfaces against the first contact surfaces; and
rolling the mating surfaces along the first contact surfaces while applying the axial force to form a plurality of higher-density regions in the blank, each of the higher-density regions being a discrete and distinct region of the blank that includes the contact surface of an associated one of the ball-ramp tracks and which extends from the contact surface into the annular body of the blank by at least a pre-determined distance.