IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,306,179
Granted Patent B2
US 12,306,179 · App. 17/661,578 · Granted May 20, 2025

Thermal sensor array for molecule detection and related detection schemes

Inventors: Patrick Braganca (San Jose, CA); Daniel Bedau (San Jose, CA)
Assignee: Western Digital Technologies, Inc.
G01N33/54346C12Q1/6869G01K13/02G01N33/54326C12Q2563/107
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,306,179
App. No.
17/661,578
Granted
May 20, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Disclosed herein are methods of using detection devices. A detection device comprises a fluidic channel configured to receive a plurality of molecules to be detected, a plurality of temperature sensors, and an insulating material encapsulating the plurality of temperature sensors and providing a barrier between the plurality of temperature sensors and contents of the fluidic channel. A surface of the insulating material within the fluidic channel provides a plurality of sites for binding the plurality of molecules to be detected. Each of the plurality of temperature sensors is configured to detect, in the presence of an alternating magnetic field, a temperature change indicating presence or absence of one or more magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coupled to at least one of the plurality of molecules to be detected at a respective subset of the plurality of sites.

Claims (60)

1. A method of using a detection device to detect presence and/or absence of magnetic nanoparticles, the detection device comprising at least one fluidic channel configured to receive a plurality of molecules to be detected, a plurality of temperature sensors, an insulating material encapsulating the plurality of temperature sensors and for providing a barrier between the plurality of temperature sensors and contents of the at least one fluidic channel, and detection circuitry coupled to the plurality of temperature sensors, the method comprising:

subjecting the contents of the at least one fluidic channel to an alternating magnetic field;

using the detection circuitry, and while subjecting the contents of the at least one fluidic channel to the alternating magnetic field, reading a temperature of a first temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, or detecting a change in temperature in a vicinity of the first temperature sensor; and

determining, based on the temperature of the first temperature sensor or the change in temperature in the vicinity of the first temperature sensor, whether the first temperature sensor detected a magnetic nanoparticle (MNP).

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

reading the temperature of the first temperature sensor comprises detecting one or more of a resistance, current, or voltage across the first temperature sensor, and

detecting the change in temperature in the vicinity of the first temperature sensor comprises detecting a change in the resistance, current, or voltage across the first temperature sensor.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining, based on the temperature of the first temperature sensor or the change in temperature in the vicinity of the first temperature sensor, whether the first temperature sensor detected the MNP comprises determining whether the temperature of the first temperature sensor or the change in temperature in the vicinity of the first temperature sensor is within a first range.

4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:

recording whether the first temperature sensor detected the MNP.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first range is associated with a first MNP type, and wherein determining, based on the temperature of the first temperature sensor or the change in temperature in the vicinity of the first temperature sensor, whether the first temperature sensor detected the MNP further comprises determining whether the temperature of the first temperature sensor or the change in temperature in the vicinity of the first temperature sensor is within a second range, wherein the second range is associated with a second MNP type, and wherein the first range and the second range are non-overlapping.

6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:

recording an identity of the MNP, wherein the identity identifies either the first MNP type or the second MNP type.

7. A method of detecting molecules using a detection device comprising a plurality of temperature sensors and a fluidic channel having a surface for binding molecules for detection by the plurality of temperature sensors, the method comprising:

adding a first plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device, wherein each of the first plurality of labeled molecules is coupled to a first type of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP);

applying an alternating magnetic field to the detection device;

after adding the first plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device, and while applying the alternating magnetic field to the detection device, obtaining a temperature or temperature change at at least one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors; and

for the at least one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, detecting, based on the obtained temperature or temperature change, presence or absence of the first type of MNP.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

in response to detecting the presence of the first type of MNP, recording, in a record, an identity of at least one of the plurality of labeled molecules to be detected.

9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

heating or cooling an environment of the plurality of temperature sensors such that each of the plurality of temperature sensors is at a substantially same temperature, the substantially same temperature selected to achieve a target temperature sensitivity of the plurality of temperature sensors,

and wherein obtaining the temperature or temperature change at the at least one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors comprises performing a temperature measurement while each of the plurality of temperature sensors is at the substantially same temperature.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein heating or cooling the environment of the plurality of temperature sensors comprises one or more of:

heating or cooling a fluid containing the plurality of labeled molecules to be detected,

heating or cooling the detection device, or

heating or cooling an environment of the detection device.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein heating or cooling the environment of the plurality of temperature sensors comprises:

applying a voltage or current to each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors.

12. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

adding a second plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device, wherein each of the second plurality of labeled molecules is coupled to a second type of MNP; and

for the at least one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, detecting, based on the obtained temperature or temperature change, presence or absence of the second type of MNP,

and wherein obtaining the temperature or temperature change at the at least one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors follows adding the second plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein adding the first plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device is performed at substantially a same time as adding the second plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

heating or cooling an environment of the plurality of temperature sensors such that each of the plurality of temperature sensors is at a substantially same temperature, the substantially same temperature selected to achieve a target temperature sensitivity of the plurality of temperature sensors,

and wherein obtaining the temperature or temperature change at the at least one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors comprises performing a temperature measurement while each of the plurality of temperature sensors is at the substantially same temperature.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein heating or cooling the environment of the plurality of temperature sensors comprises one or more of:

heating or cooling a fluid containing the plurality of labeled molecules to be detected,

heating or cooling the detection device, or

heating or cooling an environment of the detection device.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein heating or cooling the environment of the plurality of temperature sensors comprises:

applying a voltage or current to each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors.

17. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:

adding a third plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device, wherein each of the third plurality of labeled molecules is coupled to a third type of MNP; and

for the at least one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, detecting, based on the obtained temperature or temperature change, presence or absence of the third type of MNP,

and wherein obtaining the temperature or temperature change at the at least one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors follows adding the third plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein adding the first plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device, adding the second plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device, and adding the third plurality of labeled molecules to the fluidic channel of the detection device are performed at a substantially same time.

19. A method of using a detection system, the detection system comprising (a) at least one fluidic channel with a plurality of sites for binding a plurality of molecules to be detected, (b) a plurality of temperature sensors configured to detect, in presence of an alternating magnetic field, a temperature or temperature change indicating presence or absence of one or more magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coupled to at least one of the plurality of molecules to be detected at a respective subset of the plurality of sites, and (c) one or more magnetic components, the method comprising:

the one or more magnetic components subjecting a contents of the at least one fluidic channel to the alternating magnetic field;

while the one or more magnetic components are subjecting the contents of the at least one fluidic channel to the alternating magnetic field, detecting the temperature or temperature change at each of the plurality of temperature sensors; and

based on the detected temperature or temperature change at a first temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, determining whether at least one MNP has been detected by a first temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein:

detecting the temperature or temperature change at each of the plurality of temperature sensors comprises detecting one or more of a resistance, current, or voltage across each of the plurality of temperature sensors or detecting a change in the resistance, current, or voltage across each of the plurality of temperature sensors.

21. The method of claim 19 , wherein determining, based on the detected temperature or temperature change at a first temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, whether at least one MNP has been detected by the first temperature sensor comprises determining whether the detected temperature or temperature change at the first temperature sensor is within a first range.

22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:

recording whether the first temperature sensor detected the MNP.

23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the first range is associated with a first MNP type, and wherein determining, based on the detected temperature or temperature change at the first temperature sensor, whether the first temperature sensor detected the MNP further comprises determining whether the detected temperature or temperature change at the first temperature sensor is within a second range, wherein the second range is associated with a second MNP type, and wherein the first range and the second range are non-overlapping.

24. The method of claim 23 , further comprising:

recording an identity of the MNP, wherein the identity identifies either the first MNP type or the second MNP type.

Assignments (6)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Feb 24, 2025
From: SANDISK TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
To: WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Reel/Frame 070313/0706 →
SECURITY AGREEMENT (SUPPLEMENTAL) Recorded Nov 14, 2024
From: SANDISK TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
To: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Reel/Frame 069411/0486 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Oct 11, 2024
From: WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
To: SANDISK TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Reel/Frame 069169/0572 →
PATENT COLLATERAL AGREEMENT - A&R LOAN AGREEMENT Recorded Aug 21, 2023
From: WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
To: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.
Reel/Frame 064715/0001 →
PATENT COLLATERAL AGREEMENT - DDTL LOAN AGREEMENT Recorded Aug 21, 2023
From: WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
To: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.
Reel/Frame 067045/0156 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 2, 2022
From: BRAGANCA, PATRICK; BEDAU, DANIEL
To: WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Reel/Frame 059774/0688 →
Continuity (3)
Division 16697013 · Nov 26, 2019
Provisional Application 62833222 · Apr 12, 2019
Related Publication 20220252587A1 · Aug 11, 2022
References Cited (196)
US 5200084A · Liberti et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5302509A · Cheeseman · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 6037167A · Adelman et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6046585A · Simmonds · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6197520B1 · Wittwer et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6406848B1 · Bridgham et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6654505B2 · Bridgham et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6806052B2 · Bridgham et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6831994B2 · Bridgham et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6833246B2 · Balasubramanian · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6905736B1 · Chow et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6969488B2 · Bridgham et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6969679B2 · Okamura et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7057026B2 · Barnes et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7115400B1 · Adessi et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7282370B2 · Bridgham et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7382586B2 · Carey et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7405281B2 · Xu et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7414116B2 · Milton et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7427673B2 · Balasubramanian et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7473031B2 · Wolkin et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7541444B2 · Milton et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7566537B2 · Balasubramanian et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7771973B2 · Milton et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7772384B2 · Balasubramanian et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7920032B2 · Makinwa et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8053244B2 · Ryan et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8058031B2 · Xu et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8071739B2 · Milton et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8130072B2 · De Bruyker et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8158346B2 · Balasubramanian et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8252910B2 · Korlach et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8259409B2 · Braganca et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8361713B2 · Bridgham et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8367813B2 · Korlach · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8432644B2 · Braganca et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8462461B2 · Braganca et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8513029B2 · Zhou · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8553346B2 · Braganca et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8570677B2 · Braganca et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8597881B2 · Milton et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8652810B2 · Adessi et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8654465B2 · Braganca et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8675309B2 · Braganca et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8728729B2 · Bridgham et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8728825B2 · Wang et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 9121062B2 · Balasubramanian et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9273354B2 · Bridgham et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9297006B2 · Adessi et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9435791B2 · Acosta et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9453258B2 · Kain et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9464107B2 · Wegener et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9587275B2 · Emig et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9605310B2 · Balasubramanian et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9640748B2 · Gotsmann et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 10203379B2 · Wang et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10260095B2 · Esfandyarpour et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10591440B2 · Astier et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20040043479A1 · Briscoe · 2004 [cited by examiner]
US 20040219695A1 · Fox · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050054081A1 · Hassard et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050087000A1 · Coehoorn et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050100930A1 · Wang et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050118102A1 · Xiang et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060226832A1 · Ikeda et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070224700A1 · Masters · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070264159A1 · Graham et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080218165A1 · Kahlman et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080241569A1 · Qin et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090148857A1 · Srivastava et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090206832A1 · Kahlman et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090208957A1 · Korlach et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100039105A1 · Ryan et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100111768A1 · Banerjee et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100194386A1 · Prins et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100207631A1 · McDowell · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100231214A1 · Zhou · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100248973A1 · Lankvelt et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100291558A1 · Kim · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110223612A1 · Wang et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120214171A1 · Kotseroglou · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120295262A1 · Ronaghi et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20140008281A1 · Ramanathan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140099663A1 · Wang et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140139214A1 · Park et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140292318A1 · Wang et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20160131613A1 · Jayant et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160139035A1 · Florescu et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170097337A1 · Shultz et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170304825A1 · Issadore et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180074016A1 · Chen et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180100190A1 · Esfandyarpour et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180128822A1 · Wang et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180237850A1 · Mandell et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180284200A1 · Chen et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190032114A1 · Trivedi · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 20190170680A1 · Sikora et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190390267A1 · Astier et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20210047681A1 · Mendonsa et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210047682A1 · Mendonsa et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CN 1947016A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
CN 201016817Y · 2008 [cited by applicant]
CN 102928596A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 103885000A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 105112516A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 106153207A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 107873060A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 107923910A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 108138229A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 107051597B · 2019 [cited by applicant]
EP 1544310A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
EP 2674264A2 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
EP 3208627A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
ES 2674264 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
JP 2005315677A · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005047864A3 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005124345A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009001280A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015031691A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016183218A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017030999A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017061129A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018017884A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018186539A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018226876A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019060628A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019068204A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020210370A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
A. Seki, et al., “Study of the heating characteristics and mechanisms of magnetic nanoparticles over a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes of an alternating magnetic field,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 52… [cited by applicant]
A.M. Sydor et al., “Super-Resolution Microscopy: From Single Molecules to Supramolecular Assemblies,” Trends in Cell Biology, Dec. 2015, vol. 25, No. 12, pp. 730-748. [cited by applicant]
B. N. Engel, et al., “A 4-Mb Toggle MRAM Based on a Novel Bit and Switching Method,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, No. 1, Jan. 2005. [cited by applicant]
C. Chappert et al., “The emergence of spin electronics in data storage,” Nature Materials, Dec. 2007. [cited by applicant]
C.H. Smith et al., “High-resolution giant magnetoresistance on-chip arrays for magnetic imaging,” Journal of Applied Physics 93, 6864 (2003). [cited by applicant]
D. Ross et al., “Temperature Measurement in Microfluidic Systems Using a Temperature-Dependent Fluorescent Dye,” Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 17, 4117-4123, Jul. 24, 2001. [cited by applicant]
Daschiel et al. The holy grail of microfluidics: sub-laminar drag by layout of periodically embedded microgrooves (2013) MicrofluidNanofluid 15, 675-687. [cited by applicant]
E. du Trémolet de Lacheisserie, D. Gignoux, and M. Schlenker (editors), Magnetism: Materials and Applications, vol. 2. Springer, 2005. [cited by applicant]
E. Hall, “On a New Action of the Magnet on Electric Currents,” American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 2, 287, 1879. [cited by applicant]
ePHOTOzine.com, “Complete Guide To Image Sensor Pixel Size,” Aug. 2, 2016, available at https://www.ephotozine.com/article/complete-guide-to-image-sensor-pixel-size-29652. [cited by applicant]
F. Grasset et al., “Synthesis, magnetic properties, surface modification and cytotoxicity evaluation of Y3Fe5-xAlxO12 (0?x?2) garnet submicron particles for biomedical applications,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Ma… [cited by applicant]
F. Menges et al., “Temperature mapping of operating nanoscale devices by scanning probe thermometry,” Nature Communications, 7:10874, Mar. 3, 2016. [cited by applicant]
G. Li, S. Sun, R. J. Wilson, R. L. White, N. Pourmand, S. X. Wang, “Spin valve sensors for ultrasensitive detection of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for biological applications,” Sensors and Actuators, vol. 126, 98, 2… [cited by applicant]
Illumina, “Illumina CMOS Chip and One-Channel SBS Chemistry,” document No. 770-2013-054-B, 2018 (available at https://www.illumina.com/content/dam/illumina-marketing/documents/products/techspotlights/cmos-tech-note-770-… [cited by applicant]
Illumina, “NovaSeq 6000 Sequencing System,” 2019, available at https://www.illumina.com/systems/sequencing-platforms/novaseq.html. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2019/068131 (filed Dec. 20, 2019), mailed Apr. 1, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2019/068535 (filed Dec. 26, 2019), mailed Apr. 26, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/014707 (filed Jan. 23, 2020), mailed May 11, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/021776 (filed Mar. 9, 2020), mailed Sep. 1, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/023069 (filed Mar. 17, 2020), mailed Jul. 20, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/023078 (filed Mar. 17, 2020), mailed Jul. 19, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/027290 (filed Apr. 8, 2020), mailed Jun. 25, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/035915 (filed Jun. 3, 2020), mailed Aug. 26, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2021/021274 (filed Mar. 7, 2021), mailed Sep. 28, 2021. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2021/028263 (filed Apr. 21, 2021), mailed Aug. 26, 2021. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2021/040767 (filed Jul. 8, 2021), mailed Oct. 25, 2021. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report from PCT App. No. PCT/US2016/046888, mailed Oct. 26, 2016. [cited by applicant]
J. C. Slonczewski, “Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 159, L1, 1996. [cited by applicant]
J. Sakakibara et al., “Measurements of thermally stratified pipe flow using image-processing techniques,” Experiments in Fluids, Dec. 1993, vol. 16, Issue 2, pp. 82-96. [cited by applicant]
John Pearce, et al., “Magnetic Heating of Nanoparticles: The Importance of Particle Clustering to Achieve Therapeutic Temperatures,” Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine, Feb. 2014, vol. 4 / 011007-1. [cited by applicant]
L. Berger, “Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current,” Physical Review B, vol. 54, 9353, 1996. [cited by applicant]
Lany, M., G. Boero, and R. S. Popovic. “Superparamagnetic microbead inductive detector”. Review of scientific instruments 76.8 (2005): 084301. [cited by applicant]
Latha, G., Kumar, P. D., Gopi, K., Srikanth, P., Kusumalatha, Y., & Babu, G. V. (2017). A review on magnetic micro/nanoparticles. World J. Pharm. Res, 6, 341-366. [cited by applicant]
Lin Gui and Carolyn L. Ren, “Temperature measurement in microfluidic chips using photobleaching of a fluorescent thin film,” Applied Physics Letters 92, 024102, 2008. [cited by applicant]
M. Aslam et al., “Silica encapsulation and magnetic properties of FePt nanoparticles,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 290 (2005) 444-449. [cited by applicant]
M. Díaz-Michelena, “Small Magnetic Sensors for Space Applications,” Sensors, vol. 9, 2271, 2009. [cited by applicant]
M. Hisham Alnasir et al., “Magnetic and magnetothermal studies of pure and doped gadolinium silicide nanoparticles for self-controlled hyperthermia applications,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 449, M… [cited by applicant]
M.T. Tlili et al., “Magnetic, Electrical Properties and Spin-Glass Effect of Substitution of Ca for Pr in Ca2—xPrxMn04 Compounds,” The Open Surface Science Journal, 2009, vol. 1, pp. 54-58. [cited by applicant]
Mao et al. A Microfluidic Device with a Linear Temperature Gradient for Parallel and Combinatorial Measurements (2002) J AmChem Soc 124, 4432-4435. [cited by applicant]
Michael L. Metzker, “Sequencing Technologies—the Next Generation,” Nature Rev. Genet. 11: 31-46 (2009). [cited by applicant]
Miller, M. M., et al. “A Dna array sensor utilizing magnetic microbeads and magnetoelectronic detection”. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 225.1-2 (2001): 138-144. [cited by applicant]
N. X. Phuc, et al., “Tuning of the Curie Temperature in La1—xSrxMn1—yTiyO3” J. Korean Phy. Soc., vol. 52, No. 5, May 2008, pp. 1492-1495. [cited by applicant]
N.R. Patil et al., “Effect of temperature on the fluorescence emission of ENCTTTC in different nonpolar solvents,” Can. J. Phys. 91: 971-975 (2013). [cited by applicant]
P. Anderson, J. Rowell, “Probable Observation of the Josephson Superconducting Tunneling Effect,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 10, 230, 1963. [cited by applicant]
P. M. Braganca, B. A. Gurney, B. A. Wilson, J. A. Katine, S. Maat and J. R. Childress, “Nanoscale magnetic field detection using a spin torque oscillator,” Nanotechnology, vol. 21, 235202, 2010. [cited by applicant]
P. Namdari, H. Daraee, and A. Eatemadi, “Recent Advances in Silicon Nanowire Biosensors: Synthesis Methods, Properties and Applications”, Nanoscale Research Letters, vol. 11, 406, 2016. [cited by applicant]
Qiu et al. Instrument-free point-of-care molecular diagnosis of H 1 N 1 based on microfluidic convective PCR (2017) Sensors andActuators B: Chemical 243, 738-744. [cited by applicant]
Quynh, L. K., et al. Detection of magnetic nanoparticles using simple AMR sensors in Wheatstone bridge. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 2016, 1.1: 98-102. [cited by applicant]
R. C. Jaklevic, J. Lambe, A. H. Silver & J. E. Mercereau, “Quantum Interference Effects in Josephson Tunneling,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 12, 159, 1964. [cited by applicant]
R. Giri, “Temperature effect study upon the fluorescence emission of substituted coumarins,” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy, vol. 48, Issue 6, Jun. 1992, p. 843-848. [cited by applicant]
R. Sato, K. Kudo, T. Nagasawa, H. Suto, and K. Mizushima, “Simulations and Experiments Toward High-Data-Transfer-Rate Readers Composed of a Spin-Torque Oscillator,” IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 48, 1758, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Rabehi, A., Electromagnetic microsystem for the detection of magnetic nanoparticles in a microfluidic structure for immunoassays (Doctoral dissertation). Jan. 29, 2020. [cited by applicant]
Rauwerdink, A. M., Giustini, A. J., & Weaver, J. B. (2010). Simultaneous quantification of multiple magnetic nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 21(45), 455101. [cited by applicant]
Riedinger, A., Guardia, P., Curcio, A., Garcia, M. A., Cingolani, R., Manna, L., & Pellegrino, T. (2013). Subnanometer local temperature probing and remotely controlled drug release based on azo-functionalized iron oxid… [cited by applicant]
S. Dutz and R. Hergt, “Magnetic nanoparticle heating and heat transfer on a microscale: Basic principles, realities and physical limitations of hyperthermia for tumour therapy,” Int J Hyperthermia, 2013; 29(8): 790-800. [cited by applicant]
S.I. Kiselev et al., “Microwave oscillations of a nanomagnet driven by a spin-polarized current,” Nature 425, pp. 380-383, 2003. [cited by applicant]
Srimani T. et al., “High Sensitivity Biosensor using Injection Locked Spin Torque Nano-Oscillators,” arXiv:1511.09072, Nov. 2015. [cited by applicant]
T. Nagasawa et al., “Delay detection of frequency modulation signal from a spin-torque oscillator under a nanosecond-pulsed magnetic field,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, 07C908 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Tang, C., He, Z., Liu, H., Xu, Y., Huang, H., Yang, G., . . . & Chen, Z. (2020). Application of magnetic nanoparticles in nucleic acid detection. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 18, 1-19. Apr. 21, 2020. [cited by applicant]
W. Andrä et al., “Temperature distribution as function of time around a small spherical heat source of local magnetic hyperthermia,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 194, Issues 1-3, Apr. 1999, pp. 197-… [cited by applicant]
Wang, W., & Jiang, Z., “Thermally assisted magnetic tunneling junction for biosensing applications,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43(6), 2406-2408, Jun. 30, 2007. [cited by applicant]
Weifeng Shen et al., “Detection of DNA labeled with magnetic nanoparticles using MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction sensors,” Journal of Applied Physics 103, 07A306 (2008). [cited by applicant]
Weijun Zhou, et al., “Novel dual fluorescence temperature-sensitive chameleon DNA-templated nanocluster pair for intracellular thermometry” Nano Research (2018), vol. 11, pp. 2012-2023, Mar. 19, 2018, https://doi.org/10… [cited by applicant]
Xia, Haiyan et al., “Micromagnetic simulation for detection of magnetic nanobeads by spin torque oscillator,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 2017, vol. 432, pp. 387-390, Feb. 4, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Y.-C. Liang, L. Chang, W. Qiu, A. G. Kolhatkar, B. Vu, K. Kourentzi, T. R. Lee, Y. Zu, R. Willson, and D. Litvinov, “Ultrasensitive Magnetic Nanoparticle Detector for Biosensor Applications,” Sensors, vol. 17, 1296, 201… [cited by applicant]
Ye, F., Zhao, Y., El-Sayed, R., Muhammed, M., & Hassan, M. (2018). Advances in nanotechnology for cancer biomarkers. Nano Today, 18, 103-123. [cited by applicant]
Yu, L., Liu, J., Wu, K., Klein, T., Jiang, Y., & Wang, J. P. (2014). Evaluation of hyperthermia of magnetic nanoparticles by dehydrating DNA. Scientific reports, 4, 7216. [cited by applicant]
Hanqiao Zhang et al., “Broadband Mag-Noise of Patterned Perm alloy Thin Films,” IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, vol. 46, No. 6, Jun. 2010, pp. 2442-2445. [cited by applicant]