Electronic locking differential
An electronic locking differential that includes a movable electromagnet to selectively operate a dog clutch for locking a side gear to a carrier. The dog clutch includes a dog member having a plurality of legs that extend through leg apertures in the carrier. A cam mechanism is employed on the legs and the carrier to generate and apply a force to the dog member to maintain the dog member in an engaged position when torque is transmitted through the cam mechanism. The carrier is configured with an annular rib that surrounds a pocket. The annular rib has a frustoconical shape that matches that of a pole piece on the electromagnet. The electromagnet is received into the pocket when the electromagnet is operated and the dog member is in its engaged position.
1. An electronic locking differential comprising:
a carrier that is rotatable about a differential axis, the carrier defining an interior cavity, an actuator hub, a plurality of leg apertures and a circumferentially extending projection, the actuator hub having an exterior hub surface that is disposed concentrically about the differential axis, the leg apertures being spaced apart about the differential axis, each of the leg apertures intersecting the interior cavity, the circumferentially extending projection being coaxial with the exterior hub surface and having a radially inward side that defines a first frustoconical surface, wherein an annular pocket is formed radially between the exterior hub surface and the first frustoconical surface;
a differential gearset received in the interior cavity, the differential gearset including a side gear that is rotatable relative to the carrier about the differential axis;
a first dog member that is fixedly coupled to the side gear, the first dog member having a plurality of first teeth;
a second dog member received in the interior cavity, the second dog member having a body and plurality of legs, the body defining a plurality of second teeth, each of the legs being fixedly coupled to the body and being received through an associated one of the leg apertures, wherein each of the legs has a distal end that is opposite the body, the second dog member being axially movable along the differential axis between a first position, in which the second teeth are disengaged from the first teeth, and a second position in which the second teeth are engaged with the first teeth;
a cam mechanism having a plurality of cams and a plurality of followers, each of the cams being formed on a corresponding one of the legs at a location between the body and the distal end, each of the followers being fixedly coupled to the carrier and disposed in the interior cavity, each of the cams being engagable to an associated one of the followers;
a spring biasing the second dog member along the differential axis toward the first position; and
an electromagnet slidably disposed on the actuator hub, the electromagnet having a pole piece and a plunger that is fixedly coupled to the pole piece, the pole piece defining a second frustoconical surface, the plunger abutting axial end surfaces of the distal ends of the legs, the electromagnet being operable in an energized state to create a magnetic field that draws the second frustoconical surface on the pole piece toward the first frustoconical surface to thereby move the second dog member toward the second position;
wherein at least a portion of the electromagnet is disposed in the annular pocket when the electromagnet is operated to create the magnetic field and the second dog member is in the second position; and
wherein the cam mechanism is configured to urge the second dog member toward the first dog member when a torque that is greater than or equal to a first predetermined threshold is transmitted through the cam mechanism in a first predetermined rotational direction.
2. The electronic locking differential of claim 1 , wherein the cam mechanism is configured to urge the second dog member toward the first dog member when a torque that is greater than or equal to a second predetermined threshold is transmitted through the cam mechanism in a second predetermined rotational direction, the second predetermined rotational direction being opposite the first predetermined rotational direction.
3. The electronic locking differential of claim 1 , further comprising a bushing mounted between the exterior hub surface and the electromagnet.
4. The electronic locking differential of claim 1 , wherein the differential gearset is a bevel gearset that includes a plurality of differential pinions, each of the differential pinions being meshingly engaged to the side gear.
5. The electronic locking differential of claim 4 , wherein the differential gearset includes a cross-pin that is mounted to the carrier for rotation therewith, and wherein a pair of the differential pinions are rotatably mounted on the cross-pin.
6. The electronic locking differential of claim 1 , wherein the carrier comprises a carrier body and a cover that is fixedly coupled to the carrier body, and wherein the circumferentially extending projection is formed on the cover.
7. The electronic locking differential of claim 6 , wherein the followers are formed on the cover.
8. The electronic locking differential of claim 1 , wherein the carrier defines a circumferential guide surface on which the body of the second dog member is piloted.
9. The electronic locking differential of claim 8 , wherein the carrier comprises a carrier body and a cover that is fixedly coupled to the carrier body, and wherein the circumferential guide surface is formed on the cover.
10. The electronic locking differential of claim 1 , wherein the plunger includes a tubular portion and a flange, wherein the tubular portion is mounted to the pole piece and is disposed concentrically about the differential axis, and wherein the flange extends radially outwardly from the tubular portion.
11. The electronic locking differential of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of each of the legs is cylindrically shaped.
12. The electronic locking differential of claim 1 , wherein each of the cams has a frustoconically shaped cam surface that engages a frustoconically shaped follower surface on a corresponding one of the followers.
13. The electronic locking differential of claim 12 , wherein the frustoconically shaped cam surface extends between the body of the second dog member and the distal end of the leg.
14. The electronic locking differential of claim 12 , wherein at least one flat surface is formed on each of the legs, the flat surface interrupting the frustoconically shaped cam surface.