IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,222,594
Granted Patent B2
US 12,222,594 · App. 18/651,052 · Granted Feb 11, 2025

Spatially variable liquid crystal diffraction gratings

Inventor: Chulwoo Oh (Sammamish, WA)
Assignee: Magic Leap, Inc.
G02F1/133504G02B5/1833G02B5/1847G02B27/0172G02B27/4205G02B27/4272G02F1/133524G02B5/3058G02B6/34G02B2027/0178
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,222,594
App. No.
18/651,052
Filed
Apr 30, 2024
Granted
Feb 11, 2025
Kind
B2
Art Unit
2871
USPC
349/11
Abstract

The present disclosure relates to display systems and, more particularly, to augmented reality display systems including diffraction grating(s), and methods of fabricating same. A diffraction grating includes a plurality of different diffracting zones having a periodically repeating lateral dimension corresponding to a grating period adapted for light diffraction. The diffraction grating additionally includes a plurality of different liquid crystal layers corresponding to the different diffracting zones. The different liquid crystal layers include liquid crystal molecules that are aligned differently, such that the different diffracting zones have different optical properties associated with light diffraction.

Claims (27)

1. A method of fabricating a diffraction grating, the method comprising:

providing a plurality of different diffracting zones on a substrate, the plurality of different diffracting zones arranged laterally in a lateral direction substantially parallel to a major surface of the substrate and having a periodically repeating lateral dimension corresponding to a grating period adapted for light diffraction; and

forming a plurality of different liquid crystal layers to form the diffraction grating, the plurality of different liquid crystal layers comprising liquid crystal molecules over the substrate, the plurality of different liquid crystal layers arranged differently in different diffracting zones to diffract light passing therethrough,

wherein the different liquid crystal layers include liquid crystal molecules that are aligned differently,

wherein the different liquid crystal layers of the different diffracting zones are formed in the lateral direction as a continuous layer contacting a common surface over the substrate, and

wherein the different liquid crystal layers comprise corresponding regions in which the liquid crystal molecules have substantially different alignment angles with respect to a reference direction, such that the different diffracting zones have different optical properties associated with light diffraction.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

forming a photo-alignment layer on the substrate prior to forming the liquid crystal layers; and

illuminating the photo-alignment layer thereby causing the liquid crystal molecules formed on the alignment layer to be aligned differently in the different diffracting zones.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming the photo-alignment layer includes depositing a material selected from the group consisting of polyimide, linear-polarization photopolymerizable polymer, azo-containing polymers, courmarine-containing polymers, cinnamate-containing polymers and any combination thereof.

4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:

after forming the photo-alignment layer and prior to forming the liquid crystal layers, exposing the different diffracting zones to different doses of light using a gray scale mask.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the different liquid crystal layers includes forming the regions in the different liquid crystal layers, wherein at least some of the regions in the different liquid crystal layers include liquid crystal molecules that are aligned differently with respect to each other.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein forming the different liquid crystal layers comprises forming a first region and a second region, wherein forming the first region comprises aligning liquid crystal molecules of the first region along a first alignment direction which forms a first alignment angle with respect to a reference direction, wherein forming the second region comprises aligning liquid crystal molecules of the second region along a second alignment direction which forms a second alignment angle with respect to the reference direction, and wherein the second alignment angle is different from the first alignment angle.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein aligning the liquid molecules of the first and second regions includes forming the respective first and second alignment angles that are inversely proportional to different doses of light.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein liquid crystal molecules of a first region of a first liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules of a corresponding first region of a second liquid crystal layer have substantially the same alignment angle.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein liquid crystal molecules of a second region of the first liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules of a corresponding second region of the second liquid crystal layer have different alignment angles.

10. The method of claim 6 , wherein liquid crystal molecules of a first region of a first liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal molecules of a corresponding first region of a second liquid crystal layer have substantially different alignment angles, and wherein liquid crystal molecules of a second region of the first liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules of a corresponding second region of the second liquid crystal layer have different alignment angles.

11. The method of claim 6 , wherein a ratio of lateral widths between the first region and the second region is substantially the same between different diffracting zones.

12. The method of claim 6 , wherein liquid crystal molecules of a second region of a first liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules of a second region of a second liquid crystal layer have substantially same alignment angles, and wherein a ratio of lateral widths between the first regions and the second regions is substantially different between different zones.

13. The method of claim 6 , wherein liquid crystal molecules of a second region of a first liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules of a second region of a second liquid crystal layer have different alignment angles, and wherein a ratio of lateral widths between the first regions and the second regions is substantially different between different zones.

14. The method of claim 6 , wherein the first and second alignment angles are pre-tilt angles that are measured in a plane perpendicular to a major surface of a substrate and between respective alignment directions and the major surface.

15. The method of claim 6 , wherein the first and second alignment angles are azimuthal angles that are measured in a plane parallel to a major surface of a substrate and between respective alignment directions and a reference direction parallel to the major surface.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the plurality of different liquid crystal layers comprises inducing chirality in at least some of the liquid crystal molecules by adding a chiral dopant to the liquid crystal layers.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical properties include one or more of refractive index, absorption coefficient, diffraction efficiency and birefringence.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the different liquid crystal layers has a plurality of differently arranged regions, wherein the differently arranged regions include liquid crystal molecules that are aligned differently with respect to each other.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal molecules comprise calamitic liquid crystal molecules that are elongated and aligned along an elongation direction.

Assignments (3)
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Oct 31, 2025
From: MAGIC LEAP, INC.; MENTOR ACQUISITION ONE, LLC; MOLECULAR IMPRINTS, INC.
To: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Reel/Frame 073422/0549 →
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Oct 24, 2025
From: MAGIC LEAP, INC.; MENTOR ACQUISITION ONE, LLC; MOLECULAR IMPRINTS, INC.
To: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Reel/Frame 073255/0581 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 31, 2024
From: OH, CHULWOO
To: MAGIC LEAP, INC.
Reel/Frame 067579/0501 →
Continuity (5)
Continuation 18154834 · Jan 15, 2023
Continuation 17174163 · Feb 11, 2021
Continuation 15815449 · Nov 16, 2017
Provisional Application 62424310 · Nov 18, 2016
Related Publication 20240280851A1 · Aug 22, 2024
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