Method of jetting print material using ejector devices and methods of making the ejector devices
A method of making an ejector device. The method includes providing a substrate and forming one or more ejector conduits on the substrate. The one or more ejector conduits comprise: a first end configured to accept a print material; a second end comprising an ejector nozzle, the ejector nozzle comprising a first electrode pair that includes a first electrode and a second electrode, at least one surface of the first electrode being exposed in the ejector nozzle and at least one surface of the second electrode being exposed in the ejector nozzle; and at least one passageway for allowing the print material to flow from the first end to the second end. A method of printing a three-dimensional object and a method for jetting print material from a printer jetting mechanism are also disclosed.
1 . A method of making an ejector device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate; and
forming one or more ejector conduits on the substrate, the one or more ejector conduits comprising:
a first end configured to accept a print material;
a second end comprising an ejector nozzle, the ejector nozzle comprising a first electrode pair that includes a first electrode and a second electrode, at least one surface of the first electrode being exposed in the ejector nozzle and at least one surface of the second electrode being exposed in the ejector nozzle; and
wherein the first electrode pair is formed by a process comprising depositing a conductive layer on the substrate and patterning the conductive layer to form the first electrode and the second electrode, the conductive layer comprising a first metal; and
providing a reload flux region upstream of the ejector nozzle, advancing of the print material, and wherein the advancing of the print material further comprises flowing a current pulse through the print material in the reload flux region.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more ejector conduits further comprise at least one passageway for allowing the print material to flow from the first end to the second end.
3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a passivation layer on the first electrode pair, the passivation layer comprising a second metal that is different than the first metal.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode pair is formed by a process comprising:
etching a plurality of trenches in the substrate; and
filling the trenches with a conductive material to form the first electrode and the second electrode, the conductive material comprising a metal.
5 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one passageway is formed by a process comprising:
depositing a sidewall layer on the first electrode pair; and
patterning the sidewall layer to form a plurality of channels in an insulating layer, the channels comprising a first sidewall proximate the first electrode and a second sidewall proximate the second electrode, a distance between the first sidewall and the second sidewall determining a width of the passageway.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode each have a width and a height, the width being greater than the height, the first sidewall being formed on the first electrode and the second sidewall being formed on the second electrode.
7 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the first sidewall is on the first electrode and the second sidewall is on the second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode being raised above the substrate so as to form sidewall portions of the plurality of channels.
8 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate comprises a buried insulating layer, the method further comprising:
etching a plurality of trenches in the substrate; and
filling the trenches with a conductive material to form the first electrode and the second electrode, the conductive material comprising a metal; and
etching to remove a portion of the substrate between the first electrode and the second electrode to form the at least one passageway.
9 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising removing a portion of the buried insulating layer below the removed portions of the substrate between the first electrode and the second electrode.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more ejector conduits are a plurality of ejector conduits arranged in an array.
11 . A method of printing a three-dimensional object, the method comprising:
supplying a print material that is electrically conductive to an ejector device comprising a plurality of ejector conduits on a substrate, the ejector conduits comprising first ends configured to accept the print material and second ends comprising an ejector nozzle;
advancing the print material in one or more of the ejector conduits until the print material is disposed within the ejector nozzle of the one or more ejector conduits;
providing a flux region in the print material disposed within the ejector nozzle of the one or more ejector conduits; and
flowing electrical current through the flux region within the ejector nozzle of the one or more ejector conduits, thereby ejecting at least a portion of the print material onto a print substrate;
repeating both the advancing of the print material and the flowing electrical current through the flux region to form a three-dimensional object on the print substrate, wherein the flowing electrical current comprises flowing a current pulse through the print material; and
providing a reload flux region upstream of the ejector nozzle; and wherein:
the ejector nozzle comprises a first electrode pair that includes a first electrode and a second electrode;
the first electrode pair comprises a conductive layer patterned to form the first electrode and the second electrode, the conductive layer comprising a first metal; and
the advancing of the print material further comprises flowing a current pulse through the print material in the reload flux region, thereby separating a reload portion of the print material from a remaining portion of the print material positioned upstream of the reload flux region and further flowing the reload portion of the print material into the ejector nozzle.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the flowing electrical current comprises flowing a current pulse through the print material.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the flux region is provided by a magnetic field that is perpendicular to a direction of flow of the electric current through the print material.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the print material comprises a molten metal.
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the ejecting at least a portion of the print material comprises flowing a sheath gas proximate the ejector nozzle, the sheath gas comprising one or both of an inert gas and a reducing gas.
16 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the ejector devices are microelectromechanical systems (“MEMS”).
17 . A method for jetting print material from a printer jetting mechanism, the method comprising:
supplying a print material that is electrically conductive to an ejector device comprising an ejector conduit on a substrate, the ejector conduit comprising a first end configured to accept the print material and a second end comprising an ejector nozzle, the ejector nozzle comprising a first electrode pair that includes a first electrode and a second electrode, at least one surface of the first electrode being exposed in the ejector nozzle and at least one surface of the second electrode being exposed in the ejector nozzle, and a reload flux region upstream of the ejector nozzle;
advancing the print material in the ejector conduit until the print material is disposed within the ejector nozzle of the ejector conduit;
providing a flux region in the print material disposed within the ejector nozzle; and
flowing electrical current through the flux region to eject at least a portion of the print material from the ejector nozzle; and wherein:
the first electrode pair is formed by a process comprising depositing a conductive layer on the substrate and patterning the conductive layer to form the first electrode and the second electrode, the conductive layer comprising a first metal.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the flux region is provided by a magnetic field that is perpendicular to a direction of flow of the electric current through the print material.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the ejector device is a microelectromechanical system (“MEMS”).