Macroblock level intrarefresh technique for encoded video
A method is provided for encoding K>1 sequentially presented video pictures. Each of the K pictures is divided into an m>1 row×n>1 column array of non-overlapping coding units of equal sizes. Each coding unit occupies a respective coding unit position in the picture from which it was divided. An arbitrary, pseudo random pattern of coding units is selected for refreshing during each of the K pictures. Each pattern selected during any given one of the K pictures includes a sequence of one or more coding units of the array. In addition, the pixels of each coding unit selected for refreshing during a k th picture occupy different pixel positions than each coding unit selected for refreshing during a preceding one of the 1 st to (k−1) th pictures of the K pictures. Furthermore, each pixel position of a moving picture image formed from the K pictures is selected for refreshing once over the sequence of K pictures. A system for encoding includes a source of the K pictures and an intra/inter decision circuit for selecting the coding units for refreshing over the sequence of K frames. The method or system produces an encoded signal which can be stored on a storage medium. A method and system for decoding the encoded signal is also provided.
1. A method for encoding K>1 pictures of video, comprising the steps of:
(a) dividing each of said K pictures into an m>1 row by an n>1 column array of coding units;
(b) selecting a pseudo random pattern of said coding units for refreshing during each of said K pictures, each of said pseudo random patterns selected during any given one of said K pictures including a sequence of one or more of said coding units; and
(c) during at least one of said K pictures, selecting a plurality of said sequences of a fixed length q with said sequences being offset from each other by q·K,
wherein (i) each of said coding units selected for refreshing during a k th picture of said K pictures occupy different positions than each of said coding units selected for refreshing during a preceding one of a 1 st to a (k−1) th pictures of said K pictures and (ii) each of said positions from said K pictures is selected for refreshing once over said K pictures.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said coding units are macroblocks and said positions are macroblock positions.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
initializing a length counter to a first constant and a frequency counter to a second constant; and
during each of said K pictures:
if said length counter is equal to a fixed length q then (i) setting said length counter to said first constant, (ii) resetting said frequency counter to said second constant minus one if said frequency counter equals K and (iii) incrementing said frequency counter;
counting a next to-be-processed coding unit of said coding units in sequential order and incrementing said length counter for said next to-be-processed coding unit; and
selecting said next to-be-processed coding unit for refreshing if said frequency counter is said second constant.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said K pictures are a plurality of field pictures of a plurality of interlaced frames, each of said coding units is an interlaced field coding unit and said interlaced field coding units from a single given frame of said interlaced frames are refreshed during sequential pictures k and k+1 of said K pictures, the method further comprising the steps of:
if a last of said coding units at a last of said field pictures of one of said interlaced frames is reached, setting a frame counter equal to said frequency counter; and
if said last coding unit is reached, setting said frequency counter equal to said frame counter.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a fixed length q for a plurality of said sequences is (i) an exact divisor of a number of said coding units in each of said K pictures, (ii) less than said number of said coding units in each of said K pictures and (iii) greater than one.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein K is free of a common divisor with m·n/q, other than 1.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of said K pictures is a field picture of an interlaced frame, each of said coding units is an interlaced field coding unit and said interlaced field coding units from a single given frame of said interlaced frames are refreshed during sequential pictures k and k+1 of said K pictures.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said pseudo random patterns are decorrelated among said K pictures.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein a starting and an ending coding unit of said coding units in each of a plurality of said sequences within each of said K pictures are located in different columns of said array over successive ones of said K pictures.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein (i) at least a first one of said sequences starts at a first position of said positions which is offset from a leftmost position of said positions in a first row of said array containing a beginning of said first sequence by one or more of said positions and (ii) a second one of said sequences ends at a second position of said positions which is offset from a rightmost position of said positions in a second row of said array containing an end of said second sequence by one or more of said positions.
11. A storage medium for storing a video signal configured to execute the steps of claim 1 .
12. An apparatus comprising:
a source for supplying K>1 pictures of video, each divided into an m>1 row by an n>1 column array of coding units; and
an inter/intra decision circuit for selecting a pseudo random pattern of said coding units for refreshing during each of said K pictures, each of said pseudo random patterns selected during any given one of said K pictures including a sequence of one or more of said coding units,
wherein (i) each of said coding units selected for refreshing during a k th picture of said K pictures occupy different positions than each of said coding units selected for refreshing during a preceding one of a 1 st to a (k−1) th pictures of said K pictures, (ii) each of said positions from said K pictures is selected for refreshing once over said K pictures and (iii) said inter/intra decision circuit is also for, during at least one of said K pictures, selecting a plurality of said sequences of a fixed length q with said sequences being spaced from each other by q·K of said positions.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein said coding units are macroblocks and said positions are macroblock positions.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the inter/intra decision circuit is also for:
initializing a length counter to a first constant and a frequency counter to a second constant; and
during each of said K pictures:
if said length counter is equal to q then (i) setting said length counter to said first constant, (ii) resetting the frequency counter to the second constant minus one, if the frequency counter equals K and (iii) incrementing said frequency counter;
counting a next to-be-processed coding unit of said coding units in sequential order and incrementing said length counter for said next to-be-processed coding unit; and
selecting said next to-be-processed coding unit for refreshing if said frequency counter is said second constant.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein each of said K pictures is a field picture of an interlaced frame, each of said coding units is an interlaced field coding unit and said interlaced field coding units from a single given frame of said interlaced frames are refreshed during sequential pictures k and k+1 of said K pictures, wherein said inter/intra decision circuit is also for:
if a last of said coding units at a last of said field pictures of one of said interlaced frames is reached, setting a frame counter equal to said frequency counter; and
if said last coding unit is reached, setting said frequency counter equal to said frame counter.
16. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein a fixed length q for a plurality of said sequences is (i) an exact divisor of a number of said coding units in each of said K pictures, (ii) less than said number of said coding units in each of said K pictures and (iii) greater than one.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein K is free of a common divisor with m·n/q, other than 1.
18. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein each of said K pictures is a field picture of an interlaced frame, each of said coding units is an interlaced field coding unit and said interlaced field coding units from a single given frame of said interlaced frames are refreshed during sequential pictures k and k+1 of said K pictures.
19. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein said pseudo random patterns are decorrelated among said K pictures.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein a starting and an ending coding unit of said coding units in each of a plurality of said sequences within each of said K pictures are located in different columns of said array over successive ones of said K pictures.
21. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein (i) at least a first one of said sequences starts at a first position of said positions which is offset from a leftmost position of said positions in a first row of said array containing a beginning of said first sequence by one or more of said positions and (ii) a second one of said sequences ends at a second position of said positions which is offset from a rightmost position of said positions in a second row of said array containing an end of said second sequence by one or more of said positions.
22. A method for encoding K>1 pictures of video, comprising the steps of:
(a) dividing each of said K pictures into an m>1 row by an n>1 column array of coding units;
(b) selecting a pseudo random pattern of said coding units for refreshing during each of said K pictures, each of said pseudo random patterns selected during any given one of said K pictures including a sequence of one or more of said coding units;
(c) initializing a length counter to a first constant and a frequency counter to a second constant; and
(c) during each of said K pictures:
if said length counter is equal to a fixed length q then (i) setting said length counter to said first constant, (ii) resetting said frequency counter to said second constant minus one if said frequency counter equals K and (iii) incrementing said frequency counter;
counting a next to-be-processed coding unit of said coding units in sequential order and incrementing said length counter for said next to-be-processed coding unit; and
selecting said next to-be-processed coding unit for refreshing if said frequency counter is said second constant,
wherein (i) each of said coding units selected for refreshing during a k th picture of said K pictures occupy different positions than each of said coding units selected for refreshing during a preceding one of a 1 st to a (k−1) th pictures of said K pictures and (ii) each of said positions from said K pictures is selected for refreshing once over said K pictures.
23. An apparatus comprising:
a source for supplying K>1 pictures of video, each divided into an m>1 row by an n>1 column array of coding units;
an inter/intra decision circuit for selecting a pseudo random pattern of said coding units for refreshing during each of said K pictures, each of said pseudo random patterns selected during any given one of said K pictures including a sequence of one or more of said coding units,
wherein (i) each of said coding units selected for refreshing during a k th picture of said K pictures occupy different positions than each of said coding units selected for refreshing during a preceding one of a 1 st to a (k−1) th pictures of said K pictures, (ii) each of said positions from said K pictures is selected for refreshing once over said K pictures, and (iii) said inter/intra decision circuit is for:
initializing a length counter to a first constant and a frequency counter to a second constant; and
during each of said K pictures:
if said length counter is equal to q then (i) setting said length counter to said first constant, (ii) resetting the frequency counter to the second constant minus one, if the frequency counter equals K and (iii) incrementing said frequency counter;
counting a next to-be-processed coding unit of said coding units in sequential order and incrementing said length counter for said next to-be-processed coding unit; and
selecting said next to-be-processed coding unit for refreshing if said frequency counter is said second constant.