Nematicidal compositions and methods
The invention concerns the use of certain compounds related to fatty acids to control nematodes that infest plants or the situs of plants. Nematodes that parasitize animals can also be controlled using the methods and composition of this invention. Certain of the useful compounds are fatty acid esters that are predicted inhibitors of nematode delta-12 fatty acid desaturases and can be, for example, from C16 to C20 in length.
1. A nematicidal composition comprising:
(a) an effective amount of a compound having the formula
wherein:
R 1 is a C1-C5 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, a singly or multiply substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, and epoxy; and
R 2 is a C15-C19 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain having a trans double bond between the 9th and 10th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and either: (i) a triple bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon or (ii) either a single or double bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and at least one substituent at one or both of the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, azido, a singly or multiply substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, and epoxy; and
(b) an aqueous surfactant.
2. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein R 1 is a C1-C5 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, azido, an unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, and epoxy.
3. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein R 2 is a C15-C19 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain having a trans double bond between the 9th and 10th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and either: (i) a triple bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon or (ii) either a single or double bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and at least one substituent at one or both of the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, azido, a unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, and epoxy.
4. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein one or both of R 1 and R 2 is substituted with an unsubstituted C1-C2carbon chain.
5. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein the C1-C2 carbon chain of one or both of R 1 and R 2 is substituted and the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, and amino.
6. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein the C1-C2 carbon chain of R 1 is singly substituted.
7. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein the C1-C2 carbon chain of R 2 is singly substituted.
8. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein R 1 is a substituted methyl group.
9. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein R 1 is a C1-C2 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain.
10. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein R 2 is substituted only at one or both of 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon.
11. The nematicidal composition of claim 10 wherein R 2 is substituted only at the 12th carbon counting from the carbonyl carbon.
12. The nematicidal composition of claim 10 wherein R 2 is substituted only at the 13th carbon counting from the carbonyl carbon.
13. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 wherein within R 2 there is a triple bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon.
14. The nematicidal composition of claim 10 wherein within R 2 the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, epoxy, and a methyl group.
15. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 where the composition further comprises: (c) a co-solvent.
16. The nematicidal composition of claim 15 wherein the co-solvent is isopropanol.
17. The composition of claim 14 wherein the C1-C2 carbon chain of R 2 is singly substituted.
18. The composition of claim 14 wherein R 1 is a C1-C2 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain.
19. The composition of claim 14 wherein R 2 is substituted only at one or both of the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon.
20. The composition of claim 14 wherein R 2 is substituted only at the 12th carbon counting from the carbonyl carbon.
21. The composition of claim 14 wherein R 2 is substituted only at the 13th carbon counting from the carbonyl carbon.
22. A nematicidal feed for a non-human mammal comprising:
(a) a feed;
(b) an effective amount of a nematicidal compound having the formula
wherein:
R 1 is a C1-C5 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, a singly or multiply substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, and epoxy;
R 2 is a C15-C19 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain having a trans double bond between the 9th and 10th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and either: (i) a triple bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon or (ii) either a single or double bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and at least one substituent at one or both of the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, azido, a singly or multiply or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, and epoxy; and
(c) an aqueous surfactant.
23. The composition of claim 14 wherein within R 2 the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, epoxy, and a methyl group.
24. A nematicidal composition comprising
(a) ricinelaidic acid methyl ester; and
(b) an aqueous surfactant.
25. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 or claim 24 wherein the aqueous surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: ethyl lactate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaureate, and nonylphenol 9 mole ethoxylate.
26. The nematicidal composition of claim 1 or claim 24 wherein the composition further comprises: (c) a permeation enhancer.
27. The nematicidal composition of claim 26 wherein the permeation enhancer is a cyclodextrin.
28. A nematicidal composition comprising;
(a) an effective amount of a compound having the formula
wherein:
R 1 is a C1-C5 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, a singly or multiply substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, and epoxy; and
R 2 is a C15-C19 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain having a single bond between the 9th and 10th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and either: (i) a triple bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon or (ii) either a single or double bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and at least one substituent at one or both of the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, azido, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, and epoxy; and
(b) an aqueous surfactant.
29. A method for control of unwanted nematodes, the method comprising administering to mammals, plants, seeds or soil a nematicidal composition comprising:
(a) an effective amount of a compound having the formula
wherein:
R 1 is a C1-C5 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, and epoxy; and
R 2 is a C15-C19 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain having a trans double bond between the 9th and 10th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and either: (i) a triple bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon or (ii) either a single or double bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and at least one substituent at one or both of the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, azido, a singly or multiply substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, and epoxy; and
(b) an aqueous surfactant.
30. The method of claim 29 wherein R 1 is a C1-C5 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, azido, a unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, an epoxy.
31. The method of claim 29 wherein R 2 is a C15-C19 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain having a trans double bond between the 9th and 10th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and either: (i) a triple bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon or (ii) either a single or double bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and at least one substituent at one or both of the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, a unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, and epoxy.
32. The method of claim 29 wherein the C1-C2 carbon chain of one or both of R 1 and R 2 is substituted with an unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain.
33. The method of claim 29 wherein the C1-C2 carbon chain of one or both of R 1 and R 2 is substituted and the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, and amino.
34. The method of claim 29 wherein the C1-C2 carbon chain of R 1 is singly substituted.
35. The method of claim 33 wherein R 2 is a C15-C19 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain having a trans double bond between the 9th and 10th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and either: (i) a triple bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon or (ii) either a single or double bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and at least one substituent at one or both of the 12th and 13the carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, a unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, and epoxy.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the nematicidal composition is applied to soil before planting.
37. The method according to claim 35 where the nematicidal composition is applied to soil after planting.
38. The method of claim 35 wherein the nematicidal composition is applied to soil using a drip system.
39. The method of claim 33 wherein the C1-C2 carbon chain of R 2 is singly substituted.
40. The method of claim 33 wherein R 1 is a C1-C2 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain.
41. The method of claim 33 wherein R 2 is substituted only at one or both of the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon.
42. The method of claim 33 wherein R 2 is substituted only at the 12th carbon counting from the carbonyl carbon.
43. The method of claim 33 wherein R 2 is substituted only at the 13th carbon counting from the carbonyl carbon.
44. The method of claim 33 wherein within R 2 there is a triple bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon.
45. The method of claim 33 wherein within R 2 the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, epoxy, and a methyl group.
46. The method of claim 29 wherein the nematicidal composition is administered to a human.
47. The method of claim 45 wherein the nematicidal composition is formulated as a drench to be administered to a non-human animal.
48. A method for control of unwanted nematodes, the method comprising administering to mammals, plants, seeds or soil a nematicidal composition comprising an effective amount of:
(a) ricinelaidic acid methyl ester; and
(b) an aqueous surfactant.
49. The method of claim 29 or claim 48 wherein the aqueous surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: ethyl lactate, polyoxyethlene sorbitan monolaurate, and nonylphenol 9 mole ethoxylate.
50. The method of claim 29 or claim 48 wherein the composition further comprises: (c) a permeation enhancer.
51. The method of claim 50 wherein the permeation enhancer is a cyclodextrin.
52. The method of claim 29 or 48 wherein the composition comprises: (c) a co-solvent.
53. The method of claim 52 wherein the co-solvent is isopropanol.
54. The method of claim 29 or claim 48 further comprising administering a nematicide selected from the group consisting of: avermectins, ivermectin, and milbemycin.
55. The method of claim 22 or claim 35 wherein the composition further comprises: (c) a permeation enhancer.
56. The nematicidal feed of claim 55 wherein the feed has been treated to reduce linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content or both.
57. The nematicidal feed of claim 56 wherein both the gamma linolenic acid content and the alpha linolenic acid content have been reduced.
58. The nematicidal feed of claim 55 wherein the feed is selected from the group consisting of: soy, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, alfalfa, clover, and rye.
59. A nematicidal composition comprising:
(a) an effective amount of a compound having the formula
wherein:
R 1 is a C1-C5 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, a singly or multiply substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, and epoxy;
R 3 is a C11 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain having a trans double bond between the 9th and 10th carbons counting form the carbonyl carbon, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, a singly or multiply or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, and epoxy;
R 4 is a C2-C6 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, a singly or multiply substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, and epoxy;
X and Y are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C or S, provided at least one of X and Y is S and wherein the substituents on the C are selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydrogen, amino, oxo and hydroxy; and
(b) an aqueous surfactant.
60. The nematicidal composition of claim 59 wherein one of X and Y is C.
61. The method of claim 42 wherein the nematicidal composition is applied to soil before planting.
62. The nematicidal composition of claim 61 wherein R 2 is a C15-C19 substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain having a single bond between the 9th and 10th carbons and a single bond between the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon and at least one substituent at one or both of the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, azido, a singly or multiply or unsubstituted C1-C2 carbon chain, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, and epoxy.
63. The nematicidal composition of claim 62 wherein the 12th and 13th carbons counting from the carbonyl carbon are substituted with an epoxy group.
64. The nematicidal composition of claim 62 wherein the 12th carbon counting from the carbonyl carbon is substituted with a hydroxy group.
65. The nematicidal composition of claim 62 wherein the 12th carbon counting from the carbonyl carbon is substituted with an oxo group.