Production of a GaN bulk crystal substrate and a semiconductor device formed on a GaN bulk crystal substrate
A method of making a bulk crystal substrate of a GaN single crystal includes the steps of forming a molten flux of an alkali metal in a reaction vessel and causing a growth of a GaN single crystal from the molten flux, wherein the growth is continued while replenishing a compound containing N from a source outside the reaction vessel.
1. An optical semiconductor device comprising:
a bulk crystal substrate of GaN;
lower and upper cladding layers formed epitaxially on said bulk crystal substrate of GaN; and
an active layer formed epitaxially between said lower and upper cladding layers,
said bulk crystal substrate of GaN comprising a slab of a GaN single crystal produced by a process comprising the steps of:
forming a molten flux of a volatile metal element in a pressurized reaction vessel confining therein said molten flux together with an atmosphere containing N (nitrogen), such that said molten flux contains Ga in addition to said volatile metal element;
growing GaN in the form of a single crystal body in said molten flux; and
supplying a compound containing N directly into the atmosphere in said reaction vessel from a source located outside said reaction vessel during growth of said GaN single crystal,
wherein said bulk crystal substrate of GaN has a defect density of 10 3 cm −2 or less.
2. The optical semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said GaN single crystal slab has a stoichiometric composition in the thickness direction thereof.
3. An electron device comprising:
a bulk crystal substrate of GaN;
a channel layer formed epitaxially on said bulk crystal substrate of GaN;
a gate electrode provided on said channel layer; and
source and drain electrodes provided on said channel layer at respective sides of said gate electrode,
said bulk crystal substrate of GaN comprising a slab of a GaN single crystal produced by a process comprising the steps of:
forming a molten flux of a volatile metal element in a pressurized reaction vessel confining therein said molten flux together with an atmosphere containing N (nitrogen), such that said molten flux contains Ga in addition to said volatile metal element;
growing GaN in the form of a single crystal body in said molten flux; and
supplying a compound containing N directly into the atmosphere in said reaction vessel from a source located outside said reaction vessel.
4. The electron device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said GaN single crystal slab has a stoichiometric composition in the thickness direction thereof.
5. The electron device as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising an epitaxial layer of a nitride formed on said bulk crystal substrate, wherein said epitaxial layer includes said channel layer formed epitaxially on said bulk crystal substrate of GaN.
6. The electron device as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said epitaxial layer further includes a barrier layer of a nitride formed epitaxially on said channel layer.
7. The electron device as claimed in claim 6 , wherein said gate electrode is provided in Schottky contact with said barrier layer.
8. The electron device as claimed in claim 5 , further comprising an active part formed in said epitaxial layer for switching a flow of carriers transported through said epitaxial layer.
9. The electron device as claimed in claim 8 ,
wherein said active part includes said gate electrode provided over said channel layer in correspondence to a channel region defined therein, said source electrode provided over said channel layer at a first side of said gate electrode, and said drain electrode provided over said channel layer at a second side of said gate electrode, and
wherein said source electrode injects carriers into said channel layer, and said drain electrode collects carriers from said channel layer.
10. The electron device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said bulk crystal substrate has a thickness exceeding about 100 μm.
11. The electron device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said bulk crystal substrate has a thickness exceeding about 300 μm.
12. The electron device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said single crystal of GaN constituting said bulk crystal substrate belongs to a hexagonal crystal system.
13. The electron device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said GaN single crystal constituting said bulk crystal substrate belongs to a cubic crystal system.