Method of inhibiting metal silicide encroachment in a transistor
View Patent ↗A method inhibits metal silicide encroachment in channel regions in a transistor that uses metal silicide as an electrical contact to its terminals. A metal layer is deposited overlying the transistor. A first anneal that is a low temperature anneal forms metal silicide regions to source, gate and drain terminals of the transistor. The low temperature inhibits lateral encroachment. Unsilicided portions of the metal are removed and followed by an ion implant of an element, such as nitrogen, that diffuses into the metal silicide regions. A second anneal at a higher temperature than the first anneal is completed wherein the implanted nitrogen ions prevent lateral encroachment of metal silicide.
1. A method of inhibiting metal silicide encroachment in a transistor, the method comprising:
depositing a metal layer over a transistor structure;
performing a silicidation anneal to form metal silicide regions of terminals of the transistor structure at a first temperature sufficiently low to inhibit lateral encroachment of the metal silicide regions;
selectively removing unsilicided portions of the metal layer from over the transistor; and
implanting encroachment inhibiting ions into the transistor after selectively removing the unsilicided portions of the metal layer.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
performing another silicidation anneal after implanting the encroachment inhibiting ions.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of performing another silicidation anneal after implanting the encroachment inhibiting ions is performed at a second temperature not substantially lower than the first temperature.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein
the first temperature is not substantially greater than 400° C.; and
the performing of the silicidation anneal after implanting the encroachment inhibiting ions is performed at a second temperature not substantially less than 400° C.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first temperature is not substantially greater than 400° C.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein metal comprising the metal layer comprises at least one of cobalt or nickel, and the metal silicide regions comprise a corresponding at least one of cobalt silicide or nickel silicide.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
selecting an encroachment inhibiting ion type;
determining an ion dose before implanting the encroachment inhibiting ions; and
determining an ion energy before implanting the encroachment inhibiting ions.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the encroachment inhibiting ions are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-based ions, fluorine-based ions and hydrogen-based ions.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the encroachment inhibiting ions comprise dinitrogen.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the ion dose is determined to be less than 2×10 5 ions/cm 2 .
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the ion dose is determined to be greater than 1×10 14 ions/cm 2 .
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the ion dose is determined to be greater than 1×10 5 ions/cm 2 .
13. The method of claim 9 wherein the ion energy is determined to be less than 10 keV.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the ion energy is determined to be greater than 1 keV.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the ion energy is determined to be greater than 3 keV.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of performing the silicidation anneal comprises performing a rapid thermal anneal.
17. A method of improving thermal stability of a metal silicide to decrease encroachment on a transistor channel in a transistor, the method comprising:
depositing a metal layer over the transistor;
performing a silicidation anneal within a first temperature range to form metal silicide regions of transistor terminals of the transistor;
selectively removing unsilicided portions of the metal layer from over the transistor;
implanting encroachment inhibiting ions into the transistor terminals after selectively removing the unsilicided portions of the metal layer; and
performing a silicidation anneal within a second temperature range after implanting the encroachment inhibiting ions, the first temperature range including temperatures below temperatures in the second temperature range.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
selecting the first temperature range to be sufficiently low to protect against lateral metal silicide mobility; and
selecting the second temperature range to be sufficiently high to substantially complete metal silicidation.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the transistor terminals comprise a gate terminal and source/drain terminals.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein metal within the metal layer comprises nickel and the metal silicide regions comprise nickel silicide.
21. The method of claim 17 wherein the encroachment inhibiting ions comprise dinitrogen gas ions.
22. The method of claim 21 further comprising:
selecting a dinitrogen ion dose having a value between 1×10 14 and 2×10 15 molecules/cm 2 ; and
selecting a dinitrogen energy between 1 keV and 10 keV.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the dinitrogen ion dose is selected to be about 5×10 14 ions/cm 2 .
24. The method of claim 22 wherein the dinitrogen energy is selected to be about 5 keV.
25. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
forming a protection layer over the metal layer after depositing the metal layer and before selectively removing the unsilicided portions of the metal layer.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein the metal layer comprises nickel and the protection layer comprises titanium nitride.
27. A method of improving thermal stability of nickel silicide and inhibiting formation of nickel disilicide in a channel region of a transistor, the method comprising:
forming a transistor structure including three transistor terminals;
forming nickel over each of the three transistor terminals;
heating the transistor structure at a temperature in a first temperature range sufficiently high to form nickel silicide regions of the three transistor terminals and sufficiently low to inhibit lateral encroachment of the nickel silicide regions;
implanting encroachment inhibiting ions into the nickel silicide regions of the three transistor terminals after heating the transistor structure in the first temperature range; and
heating the transistor structure at a temperature in a second temperature range after implanting the encroachment inhibiting ions, the first temperature range including temperatures below temperatures in the second temperature range.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the step of forming nickel over each of the three transistor terminals comprises:
sputtering a layer of nickel over the transistor structure before heating the transistor structure; and
wet etching unsilicided portions of the layer of nickel from over non-terminal portions of the transistor structure after heating the transistor structure.