Illumination system with field mirrors for producing uniform scanning energy

1. An illumination system for scanning lithography, comprising:

a component that alters a direction of propagation of a light beam,

wherein said component is selected from the group consisting of a field mirror and a field lens, and

wherein said component (a) has an aspheric surface upon which said light beam is incident, and (b) is corrected in an aplanatic manner such that a σ-variation in an exit pupil of the illumination system is less than 10%.

2. The illumination system of claim 1 , wherein said component is non-toric.

3. The illumination system of claim 1 , further comprising:

an object plane with an illuminated field,

wherein said component has a shape that influences an intensity distribution of said illuminated field.

4. The illumination system of claim 1 , further comprising:

an object plane with an illuminated field,

wherein said illuminated field has a scanning direction, and

wherein said component has a shape such that said illuminated field is distorted in said object plane perpendicular to said scanning direction.

5. The illumination system of claim 1 , further comprising:

an object plane with an illuminated field,

wherein said illuminated field has a scanning direction, and

wherein said illuminated field has an illumination intensity that varies along a direction that is perpendicular to said scanning direction.

6. The illumination system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a light source for emitting said light beam; and

an object plane downstream of said light source,

wherein said component is situated in a light path from the light source to said object plane, before said object plane,

wherein said light source illuminates a field in said object plane via said component, and

wherein said object plane has a uniformity of scanning energy in a range of about ±7%.

7. The illumination system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a light source for emitting said light beam; and

an object plane downstream of said light source;

wherein said component is situated in a light path from said light source to said object plane,

wherein said light source illuminates a field in said object plane via said component, and

wherein said component has a shape that influences a shape of said field.

8. The illumination system of claim 1 , further comprising an aperture stop plane, wherein said component has a shape such that said aperture stop plane is imaged in an exit pupil of the illumination system.

9. The illumination system of claim 1 , further comprising an object plane with an illuminated field having a shape selected from the group consisting of a rectangle and a segment of a ring.

10. The illumination system of claim 1 , wherein said component comprises a grazing incident mirror.

11. The illumination system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a light source for emitting said light beam; and

an optical element for transforming said light source into secondary light sources,

wherein said optical element is situated downstream of said light source and in a light path from said light source to said component.

12. The illumination system of claim 1 , wherein said component includes an actuator for active control of said surface.

13. The illumination system of claim 1 , wherein said light beam has a wavelength ≦193 nm.

14. The illumination system of claim 5 , wherein said illumination intensity decreases from a center of said illuminated field to an edge of said illuminated field.

15. The illumination system of claim 5 , wherein said illumination intensity increases from a center of said illuminated field to an edge of said illuminated field.

16. The illumination system of claim 11 , wherein said optical element comprises a first mirror that is divided into several single mirror elements.

17. The illumination system of claim 16 , wherein said mirror elements of said first mirror are field facets that are imaged into an object plane of the illumination system.

18. The illumination system of claim 16 , further comprising a second mirror that is divided into several single mirror elements that are located substantially at a position of said secondary light sources.

19. The illumination system of claim 18 ,

wherein said mirror elements of said first mirror are field facets that are imaged into an object plane of the illumination system, and

wherein said mirror elements of said second mirror are pupil facets that are imaged into an exit pupil of the illumination system.

20. The illumination system of claim 17 ,

wherein said imaging of said field facets into said object plane includes a radial imaging and an azimuthal imaging, and

wherein said azimuthal imaging is distorted.

21. The illumination system of claim 20 , wherein said component has a shape that influences an azimuthal distortion of an image formation of said field facets.

22. The illumination system of claim 11 , wherein said component has a shape such that that said secondary light sources are imaged in an exit pupil of the illumination system.

23. The illumination system of claim 22 , wherein said component has a shape such that images of said secondary light sources illuminate said exit pupil such that a σ-variation in said exit pupil is less than 10%.

24. The illumination system of claim 12 , further comprising:

a light source that illuminates a field in an object plane via said component,

wherein said active control of said surface modifies an intensity distribution in said field.

25. The illumination system of claim 12 ,

wherein the illumination system has a scanning direction, and

wherein said active control of said surface influences a shape of said surface perpendicular to said scanning direction.

26. The illumination system of claim 12 , wherein said active control of said surface influences σ-variations in an exit pupil of the illumination system.

27. The illumination system of claim 12 ,

wherein the illumination system has a scanning direction, and

wherein said actuator is one of a plurality of such actuators that are arranged in rows parallel to said scanning direction.

28. The illumination system of claim 13 , wherein said light beam illuminates a slit downstream of said component.

29. An illumination system for scanning lithography for wavelengths ≦193 nm, for illuminating a slit, comprising:

at least one field mirror or at least one field lens,

wherein at least one of said field mirror(s) or said field lens(es) has (have) an inclined aspheric shape, and is corrected in an aplanatic manner such that a σ-variation in an exit pupil of the illumination system is less than 10%.

30. A projection exposure system for scanning-microlithography, comprising:

an illumination system having a component that alters a direction of propagation of a light beam, wherein said component is selected from the group consisting of a field mirror and a field lens, and has an aspheric surface upon which said light beam is incident, and wherein said illumination system has an exit pupil with σ-variations of less than 10%;

a support system for holding a mask to be illuminated by the illumination system;

a projection objective for imaging said mask to an image plane of said projection objective; and

a support system for holding a light-sensitive subject in said image plane.

31. The projection exposure system of claim 30 , wherein the projection exposure system has a maximum deviation of about ±10.0 mrad between directions of centroid rays and chief rays of said projection objective in said image plane.

32. The projection exposure system of claim 30 , wherein said image plane has a uniformity of scanning energy in a range of about ±7%.

33. A method, comprising employing the projection exposure system of claim 30 to produce a microstructured device.